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		July 11, 2025

				Public Affairs Topics
				Advocacy & Public Service  Civil Rights  African Americans   Document Name    Date   Document Type  20 Years of Civil Rights, 1948-1968 Overview   1948 - 1968 Legislative Analysis Address by Myrlie Evers-Williams, New National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) Chairman of the Board   Jul. 9, 1995 Primary Source African American Museum, 2003-2004 Legislative Chronology   2003 - 2004 Legislative Analysis Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education: Brief Summary   Oct. 29, 1969 Case Summary Alexander v. Louisiana: Brief Summary   Apr. 3, 1972 Case Summary Annual Report of the National Urban League on Black America   Jan. 19, 1983 Primary Source Anti-Klan Bill, 1966 Legislative Chronology   1966 Legislative Analysis Anti-Klan Bill, 1967 Legislative Chronology   1967 Legislative Analysis Antiriot Bill, 1967 Legislative Chronology   1967 Legislative Analysis Batson v. Kentucky: Brief Summary   Apr. 30, 1986 Case Summary Batson v. Kentucky: Ruling of the U.S. Supreme Court to Curtail Racially Motivated Jury Selection Process of Peremptory Challenges   Apr. 30, 1986 Primary Source Bazemore v. Friday, United States v. Friday: Brief Summary   Jul. 1, 1986 Case Summary Beer v. U.S.: Brief Summary   Mar. 30, 1976 Case Summary Black Caucus Urges Corporate Boards to Diversify   Oct. 30, 2017 Legislative Analysis Black Colleges   Dec. 12, 2003 CQ Researcher Black Panthers, 1971 Legislative Chronology   1971 Legislative Analysis Board of Education of Oklahoma City Public Schools v. Dowell: Brief Summary   Jan. 15, 1991 Case Summary Board of Education of the City of New York v. Harris: Brief Summary   Nov. 28, 1979 Case Summary Board of Education v. Dowell: U.S. Supreme Court Returning an Oklahoma City School Desegregation Case to Federal District Court with a New Standard for Determining Such Cases; Justices W.H. Rehnquist, T. Marshall   Jan. 15, 1991 Primary Source Bob Jones University v. United States, Goldsboro Christian Schools v. United States (461 U.S. 574): Brief Summary   May 24, 1983 Case Summary Bush, Governor of Texas v. Vera: Brief Summary   Jun. 13, 1996 Case Summary Bush, Governor of Texas v. Vera: Detailed Summary   Jun. 13, 1996 Case Summary Bush, Governor of Texas v. Vera: Opinion Excerpt   Jun. 13, 1996 Primary Source Busing Limits, 1977 Legislative Chronology   1977 Legislative Analysis Busing Limits, 1978 Legislative Chronology   1978 Legislative Analysis Busing Limits, 1979 Legislative Chronology   1979 Legislative Analysis Busing Limits, 1980 Legislative Chronology   1980 Legislative Analysis Busing, 1973 Legislative Chronology   1973 Legislative Analysis Busing, 1974 Legislative Chronology   1974 Legislative Analysis Busing, 1975 Legislative Chronology   1975 Legislative Analysis Busing, 1976 Legislative Chronology   1976 Legislative Analysis Busing, 1977 Legislative Chronology   1977 Legislative Analysis Busing: Major School Desegregation Issue, 1969-1972   1969 - 1972 Legislative Analysis Carter v. Jury Commission of Greene County: Brief Summary   Jan. 19, 1970 Case Summary Castaneda v. Partida: Brief Summary   Mar. 23, 1977 Case Summary City of Memphis v. Greene (451 U.S. 100): Brief Summary   Apr. 20, 1981 Case Summary City of Mobile, Ala. v. Bolden: Brief Summary   Apr. 22, 1980 Case Summary City of Rome v. United States: Brief Summary   Apr. 20, 1980 Case Summary Civil Disorders Commission, 1968 Legislative Chronology   1968 Legislative Analysis Civil Rights Commission, 1967 Legislative Chronology   1967 Legislative Analysis Civil Rights Workers Protection, 1967 Legislative Chronology   1967 Legislative Analysis Civil Rights, 1965-1968 Overview   1965 - 1968 Legislative Analysis Civil Rights-Open Housing, 1966 Legislative Chronology   1966 Legislative Analysis Closing Statement by Mississippi Attorney General James Hood in Edgar Ray Killen's Trial for 1964 Slayings of Civil Rights Workers   Jun. 20, 2005 Primary Source Columbus Board of Education v. Penick, Dayton Board of Education v. Brinkman: U.S. Supreme Court Opinions Upholding Court-Ordered Busing Plans to Achieve Racial Desegregation   Jul. 2, 1979 Primary Source Columbus Board of Education v. Penick: Brief Summary   Jul. 2, 1979 Case Summary Common Destiny: Blacks and American Society. Report of the National Research Council on Education, Health, and Socioeconomic Status   Jul. 27, 1989 Primary Source Connecticut v. Teal (457 U.S. 440): Brief Summary   Jun. 21, 1982 Case Summary Connor v. Finch: Brief Summary   May 31, 1977 Case Summary Convention Address by Dr. B. Chavis, Jr., New Executive Director of National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)   Jul. 11, 1993 Primary Source COVID-19 Trials Risk Excluding Those Most Vulnerable to Virus   Oct. 26, 2020 Legislative Analysis Crisis in Civil Rights, 1963-1964   1963 - 1964 Legislative Analysis Davis v. U.S.: Brief Summary   Apr. 17, 1973 Case Summary Dayton Board of Education v. Brinkman, Millikin v. Bradley: U.S. Supreme Court on Federal Courts' Power to Order Desegregation, Provide Remedial Education After Segregation. Justices Rehnquist, Brennan, Stevens, Marshall, Powell, Chief Justice Burger   Jun. 27, 1977 Primary Source Dayton Board of Education v. Brinkman: Brief Summary   Jun. 27, 1977 Case Summary Dayton Board of Education v. Brinkman: Brief Summary   Jul. 2, 1979 Case Summary Debate Grows Over Reparations for Slavery and Racial Injustice   Jul. 15, 2019 Legislative Analysis Democrats Promise 'Bold Change,' But Delivering is Harder   Jun. 8, 2020 Legislative Analysis Demonstrations, Riots, 1965-1968 Overview   1965 - 1968 Legislative Analysis Desegregation and Equal Education, 1970 Legislative Chronology   1970 Legislative Analysis Equal Employment, 1967 Legislative Chronology   1967 Legislative Analysis Equal Employment, 1968 Legislative Chronology   1968 Legislative Analysis Escambia County, Fla. v. McMillan: Brief Summary   Mar. 27, 1984 Case Summary Evans v. Abney: Brief Summary   Jan. 26, 1970 Case Summary Federal Court Strikes Down Michigan Affirmative Action Ban   Nov. 15, 2012 Primary Source Firefighters Local Union #1784 v. Stotts: Brief Summary   Jun. 11, 1984 Case Summary Florida Governor Responds to Trayvon Martin Shooting   Mar. 22, 2012 Primary Source Former Rep. Shirley Chisholm Remembered for Opening Doors For Minorities and Women   Jan. 10, 2005 Legislative Analysis Francis v. Henderson: Brief Summary   May 3, 1976 Case Summary Fullilove v. Klutznick: Brief Summary   Jul. 2, 1980 Case Summary Gaston County v. U.S.: Brief Summary   Jun. 2, 1969 Case Summary Georgia v. U.S.: Brief Summary   May 7, 1973 Case Summary Gilmore v. City of Montgomery: Brief Summary   Jun. 17, 1974 Case Summary Griggs v. Duke Power Co.: Brief Summary   Mar. 8, 1971 Case Summary Hadnott v. Amos: Brief Summary   Mar. 25, 1969 Case Summary Ham v. South Carolina: Brief Summary   Jan. 17, 1973 Case Summary Havens Realty Corp. v. Coleman (455 U.S. 363): Brief Summary   Feb. 24, 1982 Case Summary High Court to Revisit Race in Admissions Policy   Sep. 24, 2012 Legislative Analysis Hills v. Gautreaux: Brief Summary   Apr. 20, 1976 Case Summary Holder v. Hall: Brief Summary   Jun. 30, 1994 Case Summary Holder v. Hall: Detailed Summary   Jun. 30, 1994 Case Summary Holder v. Hall: Opinion Excerpt   Jun. 30, 1994 Primary Source Inaugural Address of Governor L.D. Wilder of Virginia, 1990   Jan. 13, 1990 Primary Source Jefferson v. City of Tarrant, Alabama: Brief Summary   Dec. 9, 1997 Case Summary Jury Selection, 1967 Legislative Chronology   1967 Legislative Analysis Kerner Report Updated: Race and Poverty in the United States Today. Report of the 1988 Commission on the Cities   Mar. 1, 1988 Primary Source Keyes v. Denver School District No. 1: Brief Summary   Jun. 21, 1973 Case Summary Local #28 of the Sheet Metal Workers' International v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission: Brief Summary   Jul. 2, 1986 Case Summary Local #93, International Association of Firefighters v. City of Cleveland and Cleveland Vanguards: Brief Summary   Jul. 2, 1986 Case Summary Martin Luther King Jr. Holiday, 1979 Legislative Chrononogy   1979 Legislative Analysis Martin Luther King Jr. Holiday, 1983 Legislative Chronology   1983 Legislative Analysis Martin Luther King Jr. Legacy, 1999-2000 Legislative Chronology   1999 - 2000 Legislative Analysis Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial, 1981 Legislative Chronology   1981 Legislative Analysis Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial, 1982 Legislative Chronology   1982 Legislative Analysis McCleskey v. Kemp: Brief Summary   Apr. 22, 1987 Case Summary McDonald v. Santa Fe Trail Transportation Co.: Brief Summary   Jun. 25, 1976 Case Summary Miller-El v. Cockrell   Feb. 25, 2003 Case Summary Miller-El v. Dretke, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Correctional Institutions Division   Jun. 13, 2005 Case Summary Milliken v. Bradley: Brief Summary   Jul. 25, 1974 Case Summary Milliken v. Bradley: Brief Summary   Jun. 27, 1977 Case Summary Missouri v. Jenkins, U.S. Supreme Court Ruling Affirming that Federal Judges in Certain Circumstances May Order Local Governments to Increase Taxes (Property Taxes to Fund Desegregation): Justices B.R. White, A. Kennedy   Apr. 18, 1990 Primary Source NAACP v. Claiborne Hardware Co. (458 U.S. 886): Brief Summary   Jul. 2, 1982 Case Summary NAACP v. Claiborne Hardware Co.: Ruling of the U.S. Supreme Court on Liability of the Civil Rights Group for Damages Caused by a Boycott   Jul. 2, 1982 Primary Source News Conference of Presidents B. Clinton and N. Mandela on U.S. and South African Issues, Cape Town, South Africa   Mar. 27, 1998 Primary Source News Conference Statement of P.I. Bijur, Texaco Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, on Alleged Racial Slurs by Company Officials   Nov. 6, 1996 Primary Source Northcross v. Memphis Board of Education: Brief Summary   Mar. 9, 1970 Case Summary Norwood v. Harrison: Brief Summary   Jun. 25, 1973 Case Summary O'Shea v. Littleton: Brief Summary   Jan. 14, 1974 Case Summary Omnibus Civil Rights Bill, 1967 Legislative Chronology   1967 Legislative Analysis Open Housing Law, 1968 Legislative Chronology   1968 Legislative Analysis Open Housing, 1967 Legislative Chronology   1967 Legislative Analysis Open Housing, Rights Protection, Rioting, 1968 Legislative Chronology   1968 Legislative Analysis Open Letter to Supreme Court Justice C. Thomas from Black Federal Judge A. L. Higgenbotham, Jr., Admonishing Thomas to Remember His Heritage   Jan. 17, 1992 Primary Source Partial Text of President's Civil Rights Address at Howard, 1965   1965 Legislative Analysis Pasadena City Board of Education v. Spangler: Brief Summary   Jun. 28, 1976 Case Summary Peters v. Kiff: Brief Summary   Jun. 22, 1972 Case Summary President George Bush on Rioting in Los Angeles, and Rodney King's Plea for Calm Following Acquittal of Police Officers of Charges in Beating of the Black Motorist   May 1, 1992 Primary Source Presley v. Etowah County Commission: Brief Summary   Jan. 27, 1992 Case Summary Prosecution Statement in the Trial of Bobby Frank Cherry for Bombing the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama, in 1963   May 14, 2002 Primary Source Protests Upend Social Distancing and Threaten COVID-19 Outbreaks   Jun. 8, 2020 Legislative Analysis Public Opinion on School Integration, 19422000 (percent)   1942 - 2000 Facts & Figures Pullman-Standard v. Swint, United Steel-workers v. Swint (456 U.S. 273): Brief Summary   Apr. 27, 1982 Case Summary R.A.V. v. City of St. Paul: U.S. Supreme Court Ruling that the St. Paul, MN, Antibias Ordinance Violated Free-Speech Rights; Justice A. Scalia   Jun. 22, 1992 Primary Source Racial Profiling, 1999-2000 Legislative Chronology   1999 - 2000 Legislative Analysis Regents of University of California v. Bakke: Brief Summary   Jun. 28, 1978 Case Summary Remarks of President R. Reagan, C.S. King at Signing Ceremony Proclaiming a Holiday Honoring Martin Luther King Jr.   Nov. 2, 1983 Primary Source Reno, Attorney General v. Bossier Parish School Board: Brief Summary (1997)   May 12, 1997 Case Summary Reno, Attorney General v. Bossier Parish School Board: Brief Summary (2000)   Jan. 24, 2000 Case Summary Reparations Movement   Jun. 22, 2001 CQ Researcher Report of the Advisory Board on the President's Initiative on Race Relations: "One America in the 21st Century: Forging a New Future"   Sep. 18, 1998 Primary Source Report of the Southern Education Foundation on Segregation in Colleges and Universities   May 17, 1995 Primary Source Rethinking the Death Penalty   Nov. 16, 2001 CQ Researcher Richmond School Board v. Virginia State Board of Education, Bradley v. Virginia State Board of Education (412 U.S. 92).: Brief Summary   May 21, 1973 Case Summary Richmond v. U.S.: Brief Summary   Jun. 24, 1975 Case Summary Rizzo v. Goode: Brief Summary   Jan. 21, 1976 Case Summary Rogers v. Lodge (458 U.S. 613): Brief Summary   Jul. 1, 1982 Case Summary Rose v. Mitchell: Brief Summary   Jul. 2, 1979 Case Summary Runyon v. McCrary, Fairfax-Brewster School, Inc. v. Gonzales, Southern Independent School Association v. McCrary: Brief Summary   Jun. 25, 1976 Case Summary School Busing, 1980 Legislative Chronology   1980 Legislative Analysis School Desegregation, 1965-1968 Legislative Chronology   1965 - 1968 Legislative Analysis School Segregation Decision, 1954   May 17, 1954 Encyclopedia Entry Sentencing of Los Angeles Police Officers Convicted of Federal Offenses Related to Beating of Rodney King   Aug. 4, 1993 Primary Source Shaw v. Hunt, Governor of North Carolina: Brief Summary   Jun. 13, 1996 Case Summary Shaw v. Hunt, Governor of North Carolina: Detailed Summary   Jun. 13, 1996 Case Summary Shaw v. Hunt: Opinion Excerpt   Jun. 13, 1996 Primary Source Soul Searching in Virginia Over Racism   Feb. 19, 2019 Legislative Analysis Southern Baptist Convention Apology to African-Americans for Racism: Convention Resolution   Jun. 20, 1995 Primary Source Speech by President B. Clinton, Plea to End Racism in America: University of Texas, Austin   Oct. 16, 1995 Primary Source State of Black America 1987: Annual Report of the National Urban League   Jan. 14, 1987 Primary Source State of Black America: Annual Report of the National Urban League   Jan. 16, 1985 Primary Source State of the Union Address of President B. Clinton and Republican Responses by J. Dunn of Washington and S. Largent of Oklahoma, 1999   Jan. 19, 1999 Primary Source Sullivan v. Little Hunting Park Inc.: Brief Summary   Dec. 15, 1969 Case Summary Supreme Court Actions on Civil Rights, 1965-1968 Overview   1965 - 1968 Encyclopedia Entry Supreme Court on Voluntary School Desegregation   Jun. 28, 2007 Primary Source Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg County Board of Education: Brief Summary   Apr. 20, 1971 Case Summary The Moynihan Report, 1965-1968 Legislative Chronology   1965 - 1968 Legislative Analysis The Park Police, Players in Suppressing Protests, Face Scrutiny   Jun. 22, 2020 Legislative Analysis The Race Issue Confronts GOP   Sep. 19, 2005 Legislative Analysis There's Danger in Democrats' Gamble on Policing   Jun. 15, 2020 Legislative Analysis Thirtieth Anniversary of the March on Washington; Remarks by Benjamin Chavis, Jr. (President, NAACP), Jesse Jackson (President, Rainbow Coalition), and President B. Clinton   Aug. 28, 1993 Primary Source Tillman v. Wheaton-Haven Recreational Association, Inc.: Brief Summary   Feb. 27, 1973 Case Summary Tollett v. Henderson: Brief Summary   Apr. 17, 1973 Case Summary Torres v. Oakland Scavenger Co.: Brief Summary   Jun. 24, 1988 Case Summary Traffic Stops, 1997-1998 Legislative Chronology   1997 - 1998 Legislative Analysis Trafficante v. Metropolitan Life Insurance Co.: Brief Summary   Dec. 7, 1972 Case Summary Trent Lott on His Racial Beliefs: Statement in Which He Appeared to Endorse Segregationist Policies of the Past; Apology for that Comment; and Announcement that He Would Step Aside as Senate Republican Leader   Dec. 5, 2002 Primary Source Turner v. Fouche: Brief Summary   Jan. 19, 1970 Case Summary Turner v. Murray: Brief Summary   Apr. 30, 1986 Case Summary U.S. v. Montgomery County Board of Education: Brief Summary   Jun. 2, 1969 Case Summary U.S. v. Scotland Neck Board of Education, Wright v. Emporia City Council: Brief Summary   Jun. 22, 1972 Case Summary United States v. Armstrong: Brief Summary   May 13, 1996 Case Summary United States v. Bass   Jun. 28, 2002 Case Summary United States v. Fordice: U.S. Supreme Court Ruling that Mississippi Must Go Further Toward Eliminating Racial Barriers in State-Supported Universities; Justice B.R. White   Jun. 26, 1992 Primary Source United States v. Paradise: Brief Summary   Feb. 25, 1987 Case Summary Unrest Over Race Dismays U.S. Allies, Delights Enemies   Jun. 15, 2020 Legislative Analysis Vasquez v. Hillery: Brief Summary   Jan. 14, 1986 Case Summary Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp.: Brief Summary   Jan. 11, 1977 Case Summary Virus Exacerbates Maternal Health Disparities   May 18, 2020 Legislative Analysis Virus, Racism Pose More Mental Health Risks for Black Americans   Jun. 22, 2020 Legislative Analysis Voter Quantification   Aug. 6, 2012 Legislative Analysis Voting Rights, 1965 Legislative Chronology   1965 Legislative Analysis Washington v. Davis: Brief Summary   Jun. 7, 1976 Case Summary Washington v. Seattle School District No. 1 (458 U.S. 457): Brief Summary   Jun. 30, 1982 Case Summary Wessmann v. Gittens: Decision of Appeals Court on Affirmative Action and Race-Based Admissions in Public Schools   Nov. 19, 1998 Primary Source Westinghouse Electric Corp. v. Vaughn: Brief Summary   Apr. 30, 1984 Case Summary Whitcomb v. Chavis: Brief Summary   Jun. 7, 1971 Case Summary White House Conference on Civil Rights, 1966   1966 Legislative Analysis Wygant v. Jackson Board of Education: Brief Summary   May 19, 1986 Case Summary
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