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44 Liquormart, Inc. v. Rhode Island 

44 Liquormart, Inc. v. Rhode Island The newspaper advertisement that a discount liquor store in Rhode Island placed in newspapers in December 1991 had no earmarks of a First Amendment test case in th . . .

Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena 

Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena Ever since the 1970s, federal law required prime contractors doing work for the government to set aside a certain percentage of the contract for minority subcontrac . . .

Aetna Health Inc. v. Davila 

Aetna Health Inc. v. Davila, decided by a 9–0 vote, June 21, 2004; Thomas wrote the opinion. Ruby Calad's doctor wanted her to stay in a hospital after unexpected complications following surg . . .

Agostini v. Felton 

Agostini v. Felton For more than a decade, the New York City school system used a cumbersome procedure to provide federally funded, remedial education for low-income students at parochial schools. Ac . . .

Allen v. Cooper, Governor of North Carolina 

Allen v. Cooper, Governor of North Carolina , decided by a 9–0 vote, March 23, 2020; Kagan wrote the opinion. Congres . . .

Altria Group, Inc. v. Good 

Altria Group, Inc. v. Good, decided by a 5-4 vote, December 15, 2008, Stevens wrote the opinion; Thomas, Roberts, Scalia, and Alito dissented. Federal cigarette-labeling law does not prevent smokers f . . .

Amchem Products, Inc. v. Windsor 

Amchem Products, Inc. v. Windsor, decided by a 6-2 vote, June 25, 1997; Ginsburg wrote the opinion; Breyer and Stevens dissented in part; O'Connor did not participate. Millions of American workers wer . . .

American Broadcasting Companies, Inc. v. Aereo, Inc. 

American Broadcasting Companies, Inc. v. Aereo, Inc. , decided by a 6–3 vote, June 25, 2014; Breyer wrote the opinion; Scalia, Thomas, and Alito dissented. The provider of on . . .

American Electric Power Company, Inc. v. Connecticut 

American Electric Power Company, Inc. v. Connecticut , decided by an 8-0 vote, June 20, 2011; Ginsburg wrote the opinion; Sotomayor did not participate. States cannot bring a public nuisance claim in . . .

American Legion v. American Humanist Association 

American Legion v. American Humanist Association , decided by a 7–2 vote, June 20, 2019; Alito wrote the opinion; Ginsburg . . .

Americans for Prosperity Foundation v. Bonta, Attorney General of California 

Americans for Prosperity Foundation v. Bonta, Attorney General of California , decided by a 6–3 vote, July 1, 2021; Roberts wrote th . . .

AMG Capital Management, LLC v. Federal Trade Commission 

AMG Capital Management, LLC v. Federal Trade Commission, , decided by a 9–0 vote, April 22, 2021; Breyer wrote the opinion. The Fede . . .

Apple, Inc. v. Pepper 

Apple, Inc. v. Pepper , decided by a 5–4 vote, May 13, 2019; Kavanaugh wrote the opinion; Gorsuch, Roberts, Thomas, . . .

Arizona Christian School Tuition Organization v. Winn 

Arizona Christian School Tuition Organization v. Winn , decided by a 5-4 vote, April 4, 2011; Kennedy wrote the opinion; Kagan, Ginsburg, Breyer, and Sotomayor dissented. A taxpayer has no standing in . . .

Arizona Free Enterprise Club’s Freedom Club PAC v. Bennett, Secretary of State of Arizona 

Arizona Free Enterprise Club’s Freedom Club PAC v. Bennett, Secretary of State of Arizona , decided by a 5-4 vote, June 27, 2011; Roberts wrote the opinion; Kagan, Ginsburg, Breyer, and Sotomayo . . .

Arizona State Legislature v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission 

Arizona State Legislature v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission , decided by a 5–4 vote, June 29, 2015; Ginsburg wrote the opinion; Roberts, Scalia, Thoma . . .

Arizona v. Gant 

Arizona v. Gant, decided by a 5-4 vote, April 21, 2009; Stevens wrote the opinion; Breyer, Alito, Roberts, and Kennedy dissented. Police may search a vehicle incident to a recent occupant's arrest on . . .

Arizona v. Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc. 

Arizona v. Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc. , decided by a 7–2 vote, June 17, 2013; Scalia wrote the opinion; Thomas and Alito dissented. States cannot unilaterally req . . .

Arizona v. United States 

Arizona v. United States , decided by a 5–3 vote, June 25, 2012; Kennedy wrote the opinion; Scalia, Thomas, and Alito dissented; Kagan did not participate. States can require police to conduct i . . .

Ashcroft v. al-Kidd 

Ashcroft v. al-Kidd , decided by an 8-0 vote, May 31, 2011; Scalia wrote the opinion; Kagan did not participate. Former U.S. attorney general John Ashcroft cannot be held personally liable for the all . . .

Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition 

Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition The Child Pornography Prevention Act of 1996 banned “virtual child pornography” produced without real children and images presented as child pornography, . . .

Ashcroft, Attorney General v. American Civil Liberties Union 

Ashcroft, Attorney General v. American Civil Liberties Union, decided by a 5–4 vote, June 29, 2004; Kennedy wrote the opinion; Breyer, Rehnquist, O’Connor, and Scalia dissented. The info . . .

Ashcroft, Former Attorney General v. Iqbal 

Ashcroft, Former Attorney General v. Iqbal , decided by a 5-4 vote, May 18, 2009; Kennedy wrote the opinion; Souter, Stevens, Ginsburg, and Breyer dissented. Plaintiffs who accuse government officials . . .

Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc. 

Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc. , decided by a 9–0 vote, June 13, 2013; Thomas wrote the opinion. Human genes isolated from the body but not mod . . .

AT&T Mobility LLC v. Concepcion 

AT&T Mobility LLC v. Concepcion , decided by a 5-4 vote, April 27, 2011; Scalia wrote the opinion; Breyer, Ginsburg, Sotomayor, and Kagan dissented. States cannot block the enforcement of consumer con . . .

Atkins v. Virginia 

Atkins v. Virginia Daryl Renard Atkins and William Jones abducted, robbed, and murdered Eric Nesbitt, an airman assigned to Langley Air Force Base in Hampton, Virginia. Atkins freely gave police deta . . .

Atwater v. Lago Vista 

Atwater v. Lago Vista Gail Atwater was arrested, handcuffed, fingerprinted, and put in jail for failing to make her children wear seat belts as she drove them home from soccer practice. Bart Turek, a . . .

Austin v. United States 

Austin v. United States, decided by a 9-0 vote, June 28, 1993; Blackmun wrote the opinion. Frustrated in the fight against drug trafficking and other lucrative crimes, law enforcement officials decide . . .

Bank of America Corp. v. Miami 

Bank of America Corp. v. City of Miami , decided by a 5—3 vote, May 1, 2017; Breyer wrote the opinion; Thomas, Kennedy, and Alito dissented in part; Gorsuch, appointed after argum . . .

Barr, Attorney General v. Lee 

Barr, Attorney General v. Lee , decided by a 5–4 vote, July 14, 2020; per curiam opinion; Breyer, Ginsburg, Sotomayor, and Kagan dis . . .

Baze v. Rees, Director, Kentucky Department of Corrections 

Baze v. Rees, Director, Kentucky Department of Corrections, decided by a 7–2 vote, April 16, 2008; Roberts wrote the main opinion; Stevens, Scalia, Thomas, and Breyer concurred in the judgment; . . .

Bennis v. Michigan 

Bennis v. Michigan The government may seize property even if the owner had no knowledge that someone else was using it for criminal activity. The closely divided decision rejected Tina B. Bennis's cl . . .

Berghuis, Warden v. Thompkins 

Berghuis, Warden v. Thompkins , decided by a 5-4 vote, June 1, 2010; Kennedy wrote the opinion; Sotomayor, Stevens, Ginsburg, and Breyer dissented. A suspect must make a clear, unequivocal statement t . . .

Biden, President of the United States v. Texas 

Biden, President of the United States v. Texas , decided by a 5–4 vote, June 30, 2022; Roberts wrote the opinion; Thomas, . . .

Birchfield v. North Dakota 

Birchfield v. North Dakota , decided by 7—1 and 6—2 votes, June 23, 2016; Alito wrote the opinion; Thomas dissented in part; Sotomayor and Ginsburg dissented in part. The Fourth Amendment . . .

Blakely v. Washington 

Blakely v. Washington, decided by a 5–4 vote, June 24, 2004; Scalia wrote the opinion; O’Connor, Rehnquist, Kennedy, and Breyer dissented.Ralph Blakely committed a bizarre crime. A diagn . . .

BMW of North America, Inc. v. Gore 

BMW of North America, Inc. v. Gore Ira Gore Jr. paid $40,750.08 for a new BMW sedan in January 1990. Nine months later, when he took the car to a shop for detailing, Gore was surprised to discover th . . .

BNSF Railway v. Tyrrell 

BNSF Railway v. Tyrrell , decided by an 8—1 vote, May 30, 2017; Ginsburg wrote the opinion; Sotomayor concurred in part and dissented in part. State courts can exercise general ju . . .

Board of Education of Independent School District No. 92 of Pottawatomie County v. Earls 

Board of Education of Independent School District No. 92 of Pottawatomie County v. Earls In September 1998 the Tecumseh, Oklahoma, school board instituted an aggressive drug education and detection p . . .

Board of Education of Kiryas Joel Village School District v. Grumet 

Board of Education of Kiryas Joel Village School District v. Grumet The village of Kiryas Joel is a tiny enclave inhabited exclusively by members of a small orthodox Jewish sect—the Satmar Hasi . . .

Board of Trustees of the University of Alabama v. Garrett 

Board of Trustees of the University of Alabama v. Garrett Patricia Garrett was a director of nursing services at the University of Alabama in Birmingham Hospital. After being diagnosed with breast ca . . .

Bostock v. Clayton County, Georgia 

Bostock v. Clayton County, Georgia , decided by a 6–3 vote, June 15, 2020; Gorsuch wrote the opinion; Alito, Thomas, and Kavanaugh d . . .

Boumediene v. Bush, President of the United States 

Boumediene v. Bush, President of the United States, decided by a 5-4 vote, June 12, 2008; Kennedy wrote the opinion; Roberts, Scalia, Thomas, and Alito dissented. The Military Commissions Act (MCA) un . . .

Boy Scouts of America v. Dale 

Boy Scouts of America v. Dale The Constitution does not mention “freedom of association,” but the Supreme Court has held that the right of private organizations to adopt membership polici . . .

Bray v. Alexandria Women's Health Clinic 

Bray v. Alexandria Women's Health Clinic Beginning in the late 1980s, a militant antiabortion group calling itself Operation Rescue adopted the strategy of physically blocking the entrances to clinic . . .

Brendlin v. California 

Brendlin v. California, decided by a 9-0 vote, June 18, 2007; Souter wrote the opinion. A passenger in a car stopped by police may challenge the constitutionality of the st . . .

Brnovich, Attorney General of Arizona v. Democratic National Committee 

Brnovich, Attorney General of Arizona v. Democratic National Committee , decided by a 6–3 vote, July 1, 2021; Alito wrote the opinio . . .

Brown, Governor of California v. Entertainment Merchants Association 

Brown, Governor of California v. Entertainment Merchants Association , decided by a 7-2 vote, June 27, 2011; Scalia wrote the opinion; Thomas and Breyer dissented. A state may not, consistent with the . . .

Brown, Governor of California, v. Plata 

Brown, Governor of California, v. Plata , decided by a 5-4 vote, May 23, 2011; Kennedy wrote the opinion; Scalia, Roberts, Thomas, and Alito dissented. A court-ordered population limit for California . . .

Bucklew v. Precythe, Director, Missouri Department of Corrections 

Bucklew v. Precythe, Director, Missouri Department of Corrections , decided by a 5–4 vote, April 1 2019; Gor . . .

Burlington Industries, Inc. v. Ellerth 

Burlington Industries, Inc. v. Ellerth See Faragher v. City of Boca Raton . . . .

Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway Company v. White 

Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway Company v. White Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway Company v. White, decided by a 9-0 vote, June 22, 2006; Breyer wrote the opinion. . . .

Burwell, Secretary of Health and Human Services v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc. 

Burwell, Secretary of Health and Human Services v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc. , decided by a 5–4 vote, June 30, 2014; Alito wrote the opinion; Ginsburg, Bre . . .

Bush v. Gore 

Bush v. Gore Shortly after the polls closed in Florida during the 2000 presidential election, all of the major television networks, relying on voter exit polls, announced that Albert Gore Jr., the De . . .

Bush v. Vera 

Bush v. Vera For the third time in four years, the Supreme Court addressed the contentious issue of racial redistricting. Once again, by narrow majorities and with sharp divisions, the justices rejec . . .

California v. Texas 

California v. Texas , decided by a 7–2 vote, June 17, 2021; Breyer wrote the opinion; Alito and Gorsuch dissented. State governments . . .

Caperton v. A.T. Massey Coal Co., Inc. 

Caperton v. A.T. Massey Coal Co., Inc. , decided by a 5-4 vote, June 8, 2009; Kennedy wrote the opinion; Roberts, Scalia, Thomas, and Alito dissented. Elected judges may be constitutionally required t . . .

Carpenter v. United States 

Carpenter v. United States , decided by a 5–4 vote, June 22, 2018; Roberts wrote the opinion; Kennedy, Thomas, Alito, . . .

Carson et al. v. Makin 

Carson et al. v. Makin , decided by a 6–3 vote, June 21, 2022; Roberts wrote the opinion; Breyer, Sotomayor, and Kagan d . . .

CBOCS West, Inc. v. Humphries 

CBOCS West, Inc. v. Humphries, decided by a 7-2 vote, May 27, 2008; Breyer wrote the opinion; Thomas and Scalia dissented. A former employee can use the Reconstruction-era civil rights law guaranteei . . .

Cedar Point Nursery v. Hassid 

Cedar Point Nursery v. Hassid , decided by a 6–3 vote, June 23, 2021; Roberts wrote the opinion; Breyer, Sotomayor, and Kagan dissen . . .

Central Bank of Denver, N.A. v. First Interstate Bank of Denver, N.A. 

Central Bank of Denver, N.A. v. First Interstate Bank of Denver, N.A., decided by a 5-4 vote, April 19, 1994; Kennedy wrote the opinion; Stevens, Blackmun, Souter, and Ginsburg dissented. The financia . . .

Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America v. Whiting 

Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America v. Whiting , decided by a 5-3 vote, May 26, 2011; Roberts wrote the opinion; Breyer, Ginsburg, and Sotomayor dissented; Kagan did not participate. S . . .

Chamber of Commerce of the United States v. Brown, Attorney General of California 

Chamber of Commerce of the United States v. Brown, Attorney General of California, decided by a 7-2 vote, June 19, 2008; Stevens wrote the opinion; Breyer and Ginsburg dissented. A state cannot prohi . . .

Cheney v. United States Dist. Court for the Dist. of D.C. 

Cheney, Vice President of the United States v. United States District Court for the District of Columbia, decided by a 7–2 vote, June 24, 2004; Kennedy wrote the opinion; Ginsburg and Souter d . . .

Chiafalo v. Washington 

Chiafalo v. Washington , decided by a 9–0 vote, July 6, 2020; Kagan wrote the opinion. States may impose a monetary fine on a presid . . .

Christian Legal Society Chapter of the University of California, Hastings College of Law v. Martinez 

Christian Legal Society Chapter of the University of California, Hastings College of the Law v. Martinez , decided by a 5-4 vote, June 28, 2010; Ginsburg wrote the opinion; Alito, Roberts, Scalia, and . . .

Cipollone v. Liggett Group, Inc. 

Cipollone, Individually and as Executor of the Estate of Cipollone v. Liggett Group, Inc., decided by a 7-2 vote, June 24, 1992; Stevens wrote the opinion; Scalia and Thomas dissented. Cigarette manuf . . .

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission 

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission , decided by a 5-4 vote, January 21, 2010; Kennedy wrote the opinion; Stevens, Ginsburg, Breyer, and Sotomayor dissented. Corporations have a First Amend . . .

City of Boerne v. Flores 

City of Boerne v. Flores In 1993 Congress passed the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA). The law was a response to the Supreme Court's opinion in Employment Division, Department of Human Resour . . .

City of Chicago v. Morales 

City of Chicago v. Morales In this case a novel initiative by the city of Chicago to get youth gangs off the streets ran afoul of the Constitution. The Supreme Court invalidated a Chicago ordinance t . . .

Clinton v. City of New York 

Clinton v. City of New York In 1996 Congress passed the Line Item Veto Act, giving the president the power to delete specific items in a budget bill without having to veto the entire bill. Several me . . .

Clinton v. Jones 

Clinton v. Jones Less than two years into his presidency, Bill Clinton was accused by a former Arkansas state employee of sexually harassing her while he was governor. The political scandal turned in . . .

College Savings Bank v. Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Educational Expenses Board 

College Savings Bank v. Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Educational Expenses Board A commercial dispute between a New Jersey bank and a Florida state agency, both of which marketed savings plans for co . . .

Collins v. Yellen, Secretary of Treasury 

Collins v. Yellen, Secretary of Treasury , decided by a 7–2 vote, June 23, 2021; Alito wrote the opinion; Sotomayor and Breyer disse . . .

Colorado Republican Federal Campaign Commission v. Federal Election Commission 

Colorado Republican Federal Campaign Commission v. Federal Election Commission Colorado Republicans had not yet chosen their candidate for the U.S. Senate in the spring of 1986 when they started thei . . .

Comcast Corporation v. National Association of African-American Owned Media 

Comcast Corporation v. National Association of African-America Owned Media , decided by a 9–0 vote, March 23, 2 . . .

Connick, District Attorney v. Thompson 

Connick, District Attorney v. Thompson , decided by a 5-4 vote, March 29, 2011; Thomas wrote the opinion; Ginsburg, Breyer, Sotomayor, and Kagan dissented. A district attorney’s office may not b . . .

Cooper, Governor of North Carolina v. Harris 

Cooper, Governor of North Carolina v. Harris , decided by 8—0 and 5—3 votes, May 22, 2017; Kagan wrote the opinion; Alito, Roberts, and Kennedy dissented in part; Gorsuch, a . . .

Crawford v. Marion County Election Board 

Crawford v. Marion County Election Board, decided by a 6-3 vote, April 28, 2008; Stevens wrote the main opinion; Scalia, Thomas, and Alito concurred in the judgment; Souter, Ginsburg, and Breyer diss . . .

Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC v. Billing 

Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC v. Billing, decided by a 7-1 vote, June 18, 2007; Breyer wrote the opinion; Thomas dissented; Kennedy did not participate. Federal antitrust laws do . . .

Cummings v. Premier Rehab Keller, P.L.L.C. 

Cummings v. Premier Rehab Keller, P.L.L.C. , decided by a 6–3 vote, April 28, 2022; Roberts wrote the opinion; Breyer, S . . .

Cuomo, Attorney General of New York v. The Clearing House Association, L.L.C. 

Cuomo, Attorney General of New York v. The Clearing House Association, L.L.C. , decided by a 5-4 vote, June 29, 2009; Scalia wrote the opinion; Thomas, Roberts, Kennedy, and Alito dissented. The Natio . . .

Cutter v. Wilkinson, Director, Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction 

Cutter v. Wilkinson, Director, Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction, decided by a 9-0 vote, May 31, 2005; Ginsburg wrote the opinion. A federal law requiring state prison officials to a . . .

Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 

Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. For more than two decades, doctors prescribed the drug Bendectin for pregnant women to control the common, and sometimes serious, problem of nausea or  . . .

Davis v. Federal Election Commission 

Davis v. Federal Election Commission, decided by a 5-4 vote, June 26, 2008; Alito wrote the opinion; Stevens, Souter, Ginsburg, and Breyer dissented. A law that allows a candidate for federal office . . .

Davis v. Monroe County Board of Education 

Davis v. Monroe County Board of Education LaShonda Davis was only ten years old when she suffered through five months of crude sexual taunts and advances in the 1992–1993 school year. Her torme . . .

Demore v. Kim 

Demore v. Kim Demore v. Kim, decided by a 5-4 vote, April 29, 2003; Rehnquist wrote the opinion; Souter, Stevens, Ginsburg, and Breyer dissented. . . .

Denver Area Educational Telecommunications Consortium, Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission 

Denver Area Educational Telecommunications Consortium, Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission Critics of offensive and indecent cable television programming managed to get a three-part provision d . . .

Department of Commerce v. New York 

Department of Commerce v. New York , decided by separate 5–4 votes; June 27, 2019; Roberts wrote the opinion; Thomas . . .

Department of Commerce v. United States House of Representatives 

Department of Commerce v. United States House of Representatives The Constitution requires a census of the population every ten years to determine how many seats each state will have in the House of . . .

Department of Homeland Security v. Regents of the University of California 

Department of Homeland Security v. Regents of the University of California , decided by a 5–4 vote, June 18, 2020; Roberts wrote the . . .

Dickerson v. United States 

Dickerson v. United States The Supreme Court came under fierce political attack in 1966 when it handed down Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, a decision requiring police to tell suspects of their rig . . .

District Attorney's Office for the Third Judicial District v. Osborne 

District Attorney’s Office for the Third Judicial District v. Osborne , decided by a 5-4 vote, June 18, 2009; Roberts wrote the opinion; Stevens, Souter, Ginsburg, and Breyer dissented. Criminal . . .

District of Columbia v. Heller 

District of Columbia v. Heller, decided by a 5-4 vote, June 26, 2008; Scalia wrote the opinion; Stevens, Souter, Ginsburg, and Breyer dissented. The Second Amendment guarantees an individual right to . . .

Dobbs, State Health Officer of Mississippi Department of Health v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization 

Dobbs, State Health Officer of Mississippi Department of Health v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization , decided b . . .

Eastern Enterprises v. Apfel, Commissioner of Social Security 

Eastern Enterprises v. Apfel, Commissioner of Social Security, decided by a 5-4 vote, June 25, 1998; O'Connor wrote the plurality opinion; Breyer, Stevens, Souter, and Ginsburg dissented. In the long . . .

Edwards v. Vannoy, Warden 

Edwards v. Vannoy, Warden , decided by a 6–3 vote, May 17, 2021; Kavanaugh wrote the opinion; Kagan, Breyer, and Sotomayor dissented . . .

Egbert v. Boule 

Egbert v. Boule , decided by a 6–3 vote, June 8, 2022; Thomas wrote the opinion; Sotomayor, Breyer, and Kagan dissented . . .

Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow 

Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow, decided by an 8–0 vote on result and a 5–3 vote on legal issue, June 14, 2004; Stevens wrote the opinion; Rehnquist, O’Connor, and Thom . . .

Elonis v. United States 

Elonis v. United States , decided by a 7—2 vote, June 1, 2015; Roberts wrote the opinion; Alito dissented in part; Thomas dissented. A defendant cannot be convicted of violating t . . .

Endrew F. v. Douglas County School District RE-1 

Endrew F. v. Douglas County School District RE-1 , decided by an 8–0 vote, March 22, 2017; Roberts wrote the opinion. A school-aged student is entitled under federal law to an ind . . .

Epic Systems Corp. v. Lewis 

Epic Systems Corp. v. Lewis , decided by a 5–4 vote, May 21, 2018; Gorsuch wrote the opinion; Ginsburg, Breyer, Sotom . . .

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Abercrombie & Fitch Stores, Inc. 

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Abercrombie & Fitch Stores, Inc. , decided by an 8–1 vote, June 1, 2015; Scalia wrote the opinion; Thomas dissented. An e . . .

Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue 

Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue , decided by a 5–4 vote, June 30, 2020; Roberts wrote the opinion; Ginsburg, Breyer, Sotom . . .

Evenwel v. Abbott, Governor of Texas 

Evenwel v. Abbott, Governor of Texas , decided by an 8—0 vote, April 4, 2016; Ginsburg wrote the opinion. States and localities are not required to use voter-eligible populat . . .

Ewing v. California 

Ewing v. California Ewing v. California, decided by a 5-4 vote, March 5, 2003; O’Connor wrote the plurality opinion; Scalia and Thomas concurred in the judgment; Breyer, Stevens, . . .

Exxon Shipping Co. v. Baker 

Exxon Shipping Co. v. Baker, decided by a 5-3 vote, June 25, 2008; Souter wrote the opinion; Stevens, Ginsburg, and Breyer dissented; Alito did not participate. The Court reduced from $2.5 billion to . . .

Faragher v. City of Boca Raton 

Faragher v. City of Boca Raton When Kimberly Ellerth and Beth Ann Faragher thought their bosses were making improper sexual advances, they did what most women do when they confront sexual harassment . . .

Federal Communications Commission v. Fox Television Stations, Inc. 

Federal Communications Commission v. Fox Television Stations, Inc. , decided by an 8–0 vote, June 21, 2012; Kennedy wrote the opinion; Sotomayor did not participate. The Federal Communications C . . .

Federal Communications Commission v. Fox Television Stations, Inc. 

Federal Communications Commission v. Fox Television Stations, Inc., decided by a 5-4 vote, April 28, 2009; Scalia wrote the opinion; Breyer, Stevens, Souter, and Ginsburg dissented. The Federal Commu . . .

Federal Communications Commission v. Prometheus Radio Project 

Federal Communications Commission v. Prometheus Radio Project , decided by a 9–0 vote, April 1, 2021; Kavanaugh wrote the opinion. T . . .

Federal Election Commission v. Colorado Republican Federal Campaign Commission 

Federal Election Commission v. Colorado Republican Federal Campaign Commission Under the Federal Election Campaign Act, any expenditure made by an individual or a political party “in cooperatio . . .

Federal Election Commission v. Ted Cruz for Senate 

Federal Election Commission v. Ted Cruz for Senate , decided by a 6–3 vote, May 16, 2022; Roberts wrote the opinion; Kagan, . . .

Federal Election Commission v. Wisconsin Right to Life,                   Inc. 

Federal Election Commission v. Wisconsin Right to Life, Inc., decided by a 5-4 vote, June 25, 2007; Roberts wrote the main opinion; Scalia, Kennedy, and Thomas concurred in the judgment . . .

Federal Maritime Commission v. South Carolina State Ports Authority 

Federal Maritime Commission v. South Carolina State Ports Authority Maritime Services, owners of the cruise ship Tropic Sea, thought it was being treated unfairly when the South Carolina State Ports . . .

Federal Republic of Germany v. Philipp 

Federal Republic of Germany v. Philipp , decided by a 9–0 vote, February 3, 2021; Roberts wrote the opinion. A foreign government is . . .

Ferguson v. Charleston 

Ferguson v. Charleston Drug testing for pregnant women emerged as a divisive issue in the 1980s and 1990s against the backdrop of a growing incidence of “crack babies” born to women who u . . .

Fisher v. University of Texas 

Fisher v. University of Texas , decided by a 4—3 vote, June 23, 2016; Kennedy wrote the opinion; Alito, Roberts, and Thomas dissented; Kagan did not participate. The University of Texas (UT) aff . . .

Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin 

Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin , decided by a 7–1 vote, June 24, 2013; Kennedy wrote the opinion; Ginsburg dissented; Kagan did not participate. Public colleges and . . .

Florence v. Board of Chosen Freeholders of Burlington County 

Florence v. Board of Chosen Freeholders of Burlington County , decided by a 5–4 vote, April 2, 2012; Kennedy wrote the opinion; Breyer, Ginsburg, Sotomayor, and Kagan dissented. Correctional off . . .

Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Educational Expenses Board v. College Savings Bank 

Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Educational Expenses Board v. College Savings Bank See College Savings Bank v. Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Educational Expenses Board . . .

Flowers v. Mississippi 

Flowers v. Mississippi , decided by a 7–2 vote, June 21, 2019; Kavanaugh wrote the opinion; Thomas and Gorsuch disse . . .

Food and Drug Administration v. Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp. 

Food and Drug Administration v. Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) proposed regulations in August 1995 that made it a federal offense to sell cigarettes to anyone . . .

Ford Motor Co. v. Montana Eighth Judicial District 

Ford Motor Co. v. Montana Eighth Judicial District , decided by an 8–0 vote, March 25, 2021; Kagan wrote the opinion; Barrett, appoi . . .

Franchise Tax Board of California v. Hyatt 

Franchise Tax Board of California v. Hyatt , decided by a 5–4 vote, May 13, 2019; Thomas wrote the opinion; Breyer, . . .

Free Enterprise Fund v. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board 

Free Enterprise Fund v. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board , decided by a 5-4 vote, June 28, 2010; Roberts wrote the opinion; Breyer, Stevens, Ginsburg, and Sotomayor dissented. The dual layers . . .

Friedrichs v. California Teachers Association 

Friedrichs v. California Teachers Association , decided by a 4—4 vote, March 29, 2016; per curiam opinion. A public employee union can require nonmembers to pay a prorated &# . . .

Fulton v. City of Philadelphia 

Fulton v. City of Philadelphia , decided by a 9–0 vote, June 17, 2021; Roberts wrote the opinion. A neutral and generally applicable . . .

Gall v. United States 

Gall v. United States, decided by a 7-2 vote, December 10, 2007; Stevens wrote the opinion; Alito and Thomas dissented. Appeals courts must review all federal sentences under a deferential abuse of d . . .

Gamble v. United States 

Gamble v. United States , decided by a 7–2 vote, June 17, 2019; Alito wrote the opinion; Ginsburg and Gorsuch dissen . . .

Garcetti v. Ceballos 

Garcetti v. Ceballos Garcetti v. Ceballos, decided by a 5-4 vote, May 30, 2006; Kennedy wrote the opinion; Souter, Stevens, Ginsburg and Breyer dissented. . . .

Garland, Attorney General v. Gonzalez et al. 

Garland, Attorney General v. Gonzalez et al. , decided by a 6–3 vote, June 13, 2022; Alito wrote the opinion; Sotomayor, . . .

Gebser v. Lago Vista Independent School District 

Gebser v. Lago Vista Independent School District When the principal of Lago Vista High School outside San Antonio, Texas, received complaints in October 1992 that teacher Frank Waldrop was making sex . . .

Gill v. Whitford 

Gill v. Whitford , decided by a 9–0 vote, June 18, 2018; Roberts wrote the opinion. Plaintiffs challenging a statewid . . .

Glossip v. Gross 

Glossip v. Gross , decided by a 5–4 vote, June 29, 2015; Alito wrote the opinion; Sotomayor, Ginsburg, Breyer, and Kagan dissented. Oklahoma’s use of midazolam as the first . . .

Gonzales, Attorney General v. Carhart, 

Gonzales, Attorney General v. Carhart, decided by a 5-4 vote, April 18, 2007; Kennedy wrote the opinion; Ginsburg, Stevens, Souter, and Breyer dissented. The federal law banning so-call . . .

Gonzales, Attorney General v. Raich 

Gonzales, Attorney General v. Raich, decided by a 6-3 vote, June 6, 2005; Stevens wrote the opinion; O’Connor, Rehnquist, and Thomas dissented. Diane Monson tried various medications to relieve . . .

Good News Club v. Milford Central School 

Good News Club v. Milford Central School By 2000 the Child Evangelism Fellowship had organized over 4,600 Good News Clubs around the country about 500 of which met in public school buildings. The Goo . . .

Google LLC v. Oracle America, Inc. 

Google LLC v. Oracle America, Inc. , decided by a 6–2 vote, April 5, 2021; Breyer wrote the opinion; Thomas and Alito dissented; Bar . . .

Graham v. Florida 

Graham v. Florida , decided by a 6-3 vote, May 17, 2010; Kennedy wrote the opinion; Thomas, Scalia, and Alito dissented. A juvenile offender cannot be sentenced to life imprisonment without eligibilit . . .

Granholm, Governor of Michigan v. Heald 

Granholm, Governor of Michigan v. Heald, decided by a 5-4 vote, May 16, 2005; Kennedy wrote the opinion; Thomas, Rehnquist, Stevens, and O’Connor dissented. Juanita Swedenburg welcomed visitors . . .

Gratz v. Bollinger and Grutter v. Bollinger 

Gratz v. Bollinger and Grutter v. Bollinger Gratz v. Bollinger, decided by a 6-3 vote, June 23, 2003; Rehnquist wrote the opinion; Stevens, Souter, and Ginsburg dissented. . . .

Gross v. FBL Financial Services, Inc. 

Gross v. FBL Financial Services, Inc. , decided by a 5-4 vote, June 18, 2009; Thomas wrote the opinion; Stevens, Souter, Ginsburg, and Breyer dissented. The plaintiff in a suit brought under the feder . . .

Gundy v. United States 

Gundy v. United States , decided by a 5–3 vote, June 20, 2019; Kagan wrote the main opinion; Gorsuch, Roberts, and T . . .

Halliburton Co. v. Erica P. John Fund, Inc. 

Halliburton Co. v. Erica P. John Fund, Inc. , decided by a 9–0 vote, June 23, 2014; Roberts wrote the opinion. A defendant in a securities fraud lawsuit can prevent certifica . . .

Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, Secretary of Defense 

Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, Secretary of Defense Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, Secretary of Defense, decided by a 5-3 vote, June 29, 2006; Stevens wrote the opinion; Scalia, Thomas, and Alito dissented; Roberts did no . . .

Hamdi v. Rumsfeld (With related case: Rumsfeld v. Padilla) 

Hamdi v. Rumsfeld, Secretary of Defense, decided by a 6–3 vote, June 28, 2004; O’Connor wrote the plurality opinion; Souter and Ginsburg concurred in the judgment; Scalia and Stevens dis . . .

Harris v. Forklift Systems, Inc. 

Harris v. Forklift Systems, Inc. An employee claiming job discrimination on the basis of sexual harassment must prove the existence of a “hostile” or “abusive” work environmen . . .

Hernández v. Mesa 

Hernández v. Mesa , decided by a 5–4 vote, February 25, 2020; Alito wrote the opinion; Ginsburg, Breyer, Sotomay . . .

Herrera v. Collins 

Herrera v. Collins The question of whether the Constitution permits the government to execute an innocent person was at issue in the case of a Texas prisoner, who, long after his 1982 conviction for . . .

Herring v. United States 

Herring v. United States, decided by a 5-4 vote, January 14, 2009; Roberts wrote the opinion; Ginsburg, Stevens, Souter, and Breyer dissented. The exclusionary rule does not prevent suppression of evi . . .

Holder v. Hall 

Holder v. Hall, decided by a 5-4 vote, June 30, 1994; Kennedy wrote a plurality opinion; Blackmun, Stevens, Souter, and Ginsburg dissented. Black voters in a tiny county in central Georgia mounted a l . . .

Holder, Attorney General v. Humanitarian Law Project 

Holder, Attorney General v. Humanitarian Law Project , decided by a 6-3 vote, June 21, 2010; Roberts wrote the opinion; Breyer, Ginsburg, and Sotomayor dissented. The federal law against providing  . . .

Hollingsworth v. Perry 

Hollingsworth v. Perry , decided by a 5–4 vote, June 26, 2013; Roberts wrote the opinion; Kennedy, Thomas, Alito, and Sotomayor dissented. The proponents of Proposition 8, a . . .

Honda Motor Co., Ltd. v. Oberg 

Honda Motor Co., Ltd. v. Oberg, decided by a 7-2 vote, June 24, 1994; Stevens wrote the opinion; Ginsburg and Rehnquist dissented. Five times since 1980, business and insurance groups had gotten the . . .

Hosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church and School v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 

Hosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church and School v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission , decided by a 9–0 vote, January 11, 2012; Roberts wrote the opinion. Churches and other religious . . .

Hudson v. Michigan 

Hudson v. Michigan Hudson v. Michigan, decided by a 5-4 vote, June 15, 2006; Scalia wrote the opinion; Breyer, Stevens, Souter, and Ginsburg dissented. . . .

Husted, Ohio Secretary of State v. A. Philip Randolph Institute 

Husted, Ohio Secretary of State v. A. Philip Randolph Institute , decided by a 5–4 vote, June 11, 2018; Alito w . . .

Iancu, Under Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual Property and Director, Patent and Trademark Office v. Brunetti 

Iancu, Under Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual Property and Director, Patent and Trademark Office v. Brunetti . . .

Immigration and Naturalization Service v. St. Cyr 

Immigration and Naturalization Service v. St. Cyr Enrico St. Cyr was admitted to the United States as a legal alien. In 1996 he pleaded guilty to selling narcotics in violation of a Connecticut state . . .

J.D.B. v. North Carolina 

J.D.B. v. North Carolina , decided by a 5-4 vote, June 16, 2011; Sotomayor wrote the opinion; Alito, Roberts, Scalia, and Thomas dissented. A child’s age ordinarily must be considered by law enf . . .

Jacobson v. United States 

Jacobson v. United States This case began in February 1984, when Keith Jacobson ordered two issues of a magazine called Bare Boys, which contained photographs of nude preteens and teenagers. Althoug . . .

Janus Capital Group, Inc. v. First Derivative Traders 

Janus Capital Group, Inc. v. First Derivative Traders , decided by a 5-4 vote, June 13, 2011; Thomas wrote the opinion; Breyer, Ginsburg, Sotomayor, and Kagan dissented. Individuals or entities cannot . . .

Janus v. American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees, Council 31 

Janus v. American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees, Council 31 , decided by a 5–4 vote, June 2 . . .

Johnson, Acting Director of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement v. Arteaga-Martinez 

Johnson, Acting Director of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement v. Arteaga-Martinez , decided by an 8–1 vote, . . .

Johnson, Speaker of the Florida House of Representatives v. De Grandy 

Johnson, Speaker of the Florida House of Representatives v. De Grandy, decided by a 7-2 vote, June 30, 1994; Souter wrote the opinion; Thomas and Scalia dissented. The Supreme Court closed its 1992-19 . . .

Jones v. Mississippi 

Jones v. Mississippi , decided by a 6–3 vote, April 22, 2021; Kavanaugh wrote the opinion; Sotomayor, Breyer, and Kagan dissented. A . . .

June Medical Services L.L.C. v. Russo, Interim Secretary, Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals 

June Medical Services L.L.C. v. Russo, Interim Secretary, Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals , decided by a 5–4 vote, June . . .

Kahler v. Kansas 

Kahler v. Kansas , decided by a 6–3 vote, March 23, 2020; Kagan wrote the opinion; Breyer, Ginsburg, and Sotomayor di . . .

Kansas v. Hendricks 

Kansas v. Hendricks Leroy Hendricks began sexually abusing children in 1955 at the age of twenty. Over the next thirty years, he accumulated five convictions for molesting a total of ten childrenR . . .

Keeney, Superintendent, Oregon State Penitentiary v. Tamayo-Reyes 

Keeney, Superintendent, Oregon State Penitentiary v. Tamayo-Reyes, decided by a 5-4 vote, May 4, 1992; White wrote the opinion; O'Connor, Blackmun, Stevens, and Kennedy dissented. The Supreme Court co . . .

Kelly v. United States 

Kelly v. United States , decided by a 9–0 vote, May 7, 2020; Kagan wrote the opinion. The federal fraud statutes do n . . .

Kelo v. City of New London 

Kelo v. City of New London, decided by a 5-4 vote, June 23, 2005; Stevens wrote the opinion; O’Connor, Rehnquist, Scalia, and Thomas dissented. Susette Kelo loved the riverfront view from the ni . . .

Kennedy v. Bremerton School District 

Kennedy v. Bremerton School District , decided by a 6–3 vote, June 27, 2022; Gorsuch wrote the opinion; Breyer, Sotomayo . . .

Kennedy v. Louisiana 

Kennedy v. Louisiana, decided by a 5-4 vote, June 25, 2008; Kennedy wrote the opinion; Alito, Roberts, Scalia, and Thomas dissented. The death penalty cannot be imposed for the crime of child rape or . . .

Kimbrough v. United States 

Kimbrough v. United States, decided by a 7-2 vote, December 10, 2007; Ginsburg wrote the opinion; Thomas and Alito dissented. Federal judges do not have to follow provisions of the sentencing guideli . . .

Kimel v. Florida Board of Regents 

Kimel v. Florida Board of Regents Physics professor J. Daniel Kimel was one of thirty-six faculty members and librarians at two Florida state universities who claimed they had been discriminated agai . . .

King v. Burwell, Secretary of Health and Human Services 

King v. Burwell, Secretary of Health and Human Services , decided by a 6–3 vote, June 25, 2015; Roberts wrote the opinion; Scalia, Thomas, and Alito dissented. The Affordable Care . . .

Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co. 

Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co. , decided by a 9–0 vote, April 17, 2013; Roberts wrote the opinion. The Alien Tort Statute ordinarily does not give federal courts jurisd . . .

Kisor v. Wilkie, Secretary of Veterans Affairs 

Kisor v. Wilkie, Secretary of Veterans Affairs , decided by a 5–4 vote, June 26, 2019; Kagan wrote the opinion, Thomas, . . .

Knick v. Township of Scott, Pennsylvania 

Knick v. Township of Scott, Pennsylvania , decided by a 5–4 vote, June 21, 2019; Roberts wrote the opinion; Kagan, Ginsburg, Breyer, and Sotomayor dissented. A property owner may . . .

Kolstad v. American Dental Association 

Kolstad v. American Dental Association After working for the American Dental Association for four years, Carole Kolstad thought she was the best-qualified candidate when the group's top lobbying job . . .

KSR International Co. v. Teleflex, Inc. 

KSR International Co. v. Teleflex, Inc., decided by a 9-0 vote, April 30, 2007; Kennedy wrote the opinion. The federal appeals court that handles patent cases adopted an overly strict ru . . .

Kyllo v. United States 

Kyllo v. United States On information that led him to believe Danny Lee Kyllo was growing marijuana in his house, a federal agent used a thermal imaging device to scan the building to determine wheth . . .

Lafler v. Cooper 

Lafler v. Cooper , decided by a 5–4 vote, March 21, 2012; Kennedy wrote the opinion; Scalia, Roberts, Thomas, and Alito dissented. A defendant who rejects a favorable plea deal based on deficien . . .

Lamb's Chapel v. Center Moriches Union Free School District 

Lamb's Chapel v. Center Moriches Union Free School District A dispute between a small evangelical Christian church and a school district in eastern Long Island, New York, over showing films about chi . . .

Lawrence v. Texas 

Lawrence v. Texas, decided by a 6-3 vote, June 26, 2003; Kennedy wrote the opinion; Scalia, Rehnquist, and Thomas dissented. . . .

League of United Latin American Citizens v. Perry, Governor of Texas 

League of United Latin American Citizens v. Perry, Governor of Texas League of United Latin American Citizens v. Perry, Governor of Texas, decided by 7-2, 6-3, and 5-4 votes, June 28, 2006; Kennedy w . . .

Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., Inc. 

Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., Inc., decided by a 5-4 vote, May 29, 2007; Alito wrote the opinion; Ginsburg, Stevens, Souter, and Breyer dissented. Workers may not sue their . . .

Lee v. Weisman 

Lee v. Weisman When Daniel Weisman's older daughter graduated from Nathan Bishop Middle School in Providence, Rhode Island, a Christian clergyman gave the traditional invocation and benediction. The . . .

Leegin Creative Leather Products, Inc. v. PSKS, Inc. 

Leegin Creative Leather Products, Inc. v. PSKS, Inc., decided by a 5-4 vote, June 28, 2007; Kennedy wrote the opinion; Breyer, Stevens, Souter, and Ginsburg dissented. Manufacturers are . . .

Little Sisters of the Poor Saints Peter and Paul Home v. Pennsylvania 

Little Sisters of the Poor Saints Peter and Paul Home v. Pennsylvania , decided by a 7–2 vote, July 8, 2020; Thomas wrote the opinio . . .

Liu v. Securities and Exchange Commission 

Liu v. Securities and Exchange Commission , decided by an 8–1 vote, June 22, 2020; Sotomayor wrote the opinion; Thomas dissented. T . . .

Locke, Governor of Washington v. Davey 

Locke, Governor of Washington v. Davey, decided by a 7–2 vote, February 25, 2004; Rehnquist wrote the opinion; Scalia and Thomas dissented. Joshua Davey wanted to go to college for one reason: . . .

Long Island Care at Home, Ltd. v. Coke 

Long Island Care at Home, Ltd. v. Coke, decided by a 9-0 vote, June 11, 2007; Breyer wrote the opinion. The Court upheld a Labor Department regulation that denies federally mandated mi . . .

Lorenzo v. Securities and Exchange Commission 

Lorenzo v. Securities and Exchange Commission , decided by a 6–2 vote, March 27, 2019; Breyer wrote the opinion; Thomas . . .

Lorillard Tobacco Co. v. Reilly 

Lorillard Tobacco Co. v. Reilly Congress took its first steps to regulate cigarette advertising in the 1960s. The Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act (FCLAA) of 1965 required manufacturers . . .

Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council 

Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council In 1986 David H. Lucas paid $975,000 for two beachfront lots, on which he intended to build single-family houses. Two years later, South Carolina passed the Be . . .

Madsen v. Women's Health Center, Inc. 

Madsen v. Women's Health Center, Inc. Lawyers for the Aware Woman Center for Choice, in Melbourne, Florida, went to state court claiming that antiabortion demonstrators were trying to close the facil . . .

Mahanoy Area School District v. B.L. 

Mahanoy Area School District v. B.L. , decided by an 8–1 vote, June 23, 2021; Breyer wrote the opinion; Thomas dissented. Schools ge . . .

Maine Community Health Options v. United States 

Maine Community Health Options v. United States , decided by an 8–1 vote, April 27, 2020; Sotomayor wrote the opinion . . .

Manhattan Community Access Corp. v. Halleck 

Manhattan Community Access Corp. v. Halleck , decided by a 5–4 vote, June 17, 2019; Kavanaugh wrote the opinion; Sot . . .

Maryland v. King 

Maryland v. King , decided by a 5–4 vote, June 3, 2013; Kennedy wrote the opinion; Scalia, Ginsburg, Sotomayor, and Kagan dissented. Police can collect a DNA sample from a s . . .

Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency, 

Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency, decided by a 5-4 vote, April 2, 2007; Stevens wrote the opinion; Roberts, Scalia, Thomas, and Alito dissented. The Environmental Prote . . .

Masterpiece Cakeshop, Ltd. v. Colorado Civil Rights Commission 

Masterpiece Cakeshop, Ltd. v. Colorado Civil Rights Commission , decided by a 7–2 vote, June 4, 2018; Kennedy w . . .

Matal, Interim Director, United States Patent and Trademark Office v. Tam 

Matal, Interim Director, United States Patent and Trademark Office v. Tam , decided by an 8—0 vote, June 19, 2017; Alito wrote the opinion; Gorsuch, appointed after argument, did . . .

McConnell, United States Senator v. Federal Election Commission 

McConnell, United States Senator v. Federal Election Commission, decided by a 5–4 vote on major issues, December 10, 2003; Stevens and O’Connor wrote the main opinion; Rehnquist and Brey . . .

McCullen v. Coakley, Attorney General of Massachusetts 

McCullen v. Coakley, Attorney General of Massachusetts , decided by a 9–0 vote, June 26, 2014; Roberts wrote the opinion. A Massachusetts law that created a thirty-five foot . . .

McCutcheon v. Federal Election Commission 

McCutcheon v. Federal Election Commission , decided by a 5–4 vote, April 2, 2014; Roberts wrote the main opinion; Breyer, Ginsburg, Sotomayor, and Kagan dissented A limit on . . .

McDonald v. City of Chicago 

McDonald v. City of Chicago , decided by a 5-4 vote, June 28, 2010; Alito wrote the main opinion; Stevens, Ginsburg, Breyer, and Sotomayor dissented. The Fourteenth Amendment makes the Second Amendmen . . .

McDonnell v. United States 

McDonnell v. United States , decided by an 8—0 vote, June 27, 2016; Roberts wrote the opinion. A public official can be convicted under the federal bribery statute only by agreeing to formally e . . .

McFarland v. Scott, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division 

McFarland v. Scott, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division, decided by 6-3 and 5-4 votes, June 30, 1994; Blackmun wrote the opinion; O'Connor dissented in part; Thomas, . . .

McGirt v. Oklahoma 

McGirt v. Oklahoma , decided by a 5–4 vote, July 9, 2020; Gorsuch wrote the opinion; Roberts, Thomas, Alito, and Kavanaugh dissented . . .

McIntyre v. Ohio Elections Commission 

McIntyre v. Ohio Elections Commission Margaret McIntyre thought of herself as a concerned citizen and taxpayer when she passed out leaflets in 1988 opposing a proposed school tax levy in the Westervi . . .

Meacham v. Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory 

Meacham v. Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory, decided by a 7-1 vote, June 19, 2008; Souter wrote the opinion; Thomas dissented in part; Breyer did not participate. An employer accused of discriminating . . .

Medellín v. Texas 

Medellín v. Texas, decided by a 6-3 vote, March 25, 2008; Roberts wrote the opinion; Breyer, Souter, and Ginsburg dissented. A Mexican national lost his attempt to belatedly challenge his murder . . .

Melendez-Diaz v. Massachusetts 

Melendez-Diaz v. Massachusetts , decided by a 5-4 vote, June 25, 2009; Scalia wrote the opinion; Kennedy, Roberts, Breyer, and Alito dissented. A criminal defendant has the right under the Confrontati . . .

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd. 

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd., decided by a 9-0 vote, June 27, 2005; Souter wrote the opinion. Millions of music and film lovers began turning to their computers in the late 1990s . . .

Michigan v. Environmental Protection Agency 

Michigan v. Environmental Protection Agency , decided by a 5–4 vote, June 29, 2015; Scalia wrote the opinion; Kagan, Ginsburg, Breyer, and Sotomayor dissented. The Environmental P . . .

Miller v. Alabama 

Miller v. Alabama , decided by a 5–4 vote, June 25, 2012; Kagan wrote the opinion; Roberts, Scalia, Thomas, and Alito dissented. The Eighth Amendment’s prohibition of cruel and unusual pun . . .

Miller v. Johnson 

Miller v. Johnson Georgia in 1991 adopted a redistricting plan that called for two of the state's eleven congressional districts to have majority black populations. Under the Voting Rights Act of 196 . . .

Missouri v. Jenkins (1995) 

Missouri v. Jenkins decided by a 5-4 vote, June 12, 1995; Rehnquist wrote the opinion; Souter, Stevens, Ginsburg, and Breyer dissented. The federal judge overseeing a school desegregation suit in Kans . . .

Missouri v. McNeely 

Missouri v. McNeely , decided by a 5–4 vote, April 17, 2013; Sotomayor wrote the opinion; Roberts, Breyer, and Alito dissented in part; Thomas dissented . . .

Mitchell v. Helms 

Mitchell v. Helms In 1985 Mary Helms and Marie Schneider were public school parents in suburban Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, when they began wondering why public school buses were transporting paroch . . .

Mitchell v. Wisconsin 

Mitchell v. Wisconsin , decided by a 5–4 vote, June 27, 2019; Alito wrote a plurality opinion; Sotomayor, Ginsburg, . . .

Montejo v. Louisiana 

Montejo v. Louisiana , decided by a 5-4 vote, May 26, 2009; Scalia wrote the opinion; Stevens, Souter, Ginsburg, and Breyer dissented. The rule announced in Michigan v. Jackson . . .

Montgomery v. Louisiana 

Montgomery v. Louisiana , decided by a 6—3 vote, January 25, 2016; Kennedy wrote the opinion; Scalia, Thomas, and Alito dissented. The Supreme Court’s decision in 2012 . . .

Morrison v. National Australia Bank Ltd. 

Morrison v. National Australia Bank Ltd. , decided by an 8-0 vote, June 24, 2010; Scalia wrote the opinion; Sotomayor did not participate. The major federal law prohibiting fraud in the sale or purcha . . .

Morse v. Frederick 

Morse v. Frederick, decided by a 5-4 vote, June 25, 2007; Roberts wrote the opinion; Breyer dissented in part; Stevens, Souter, and Ginsburg dissented. Public school students can be di . . .

Munaf v. Geren, Secretary of the Army 

Munaf v. Geren, Secretary of the Army, decided by a 9-0 vote, June 12, 2008; Roberts wrote the opinion. U.S. citizens held by the U.S. military operating as part of the Multinational Force in Iraq on . . .

Murphy, Governor of New Jersey v. National Collegiate Athletic Association 

Murphy, Governor of New Jersey v. National Collegiate Athletic Association , decided by a 6–3 vote, May 14, 201 . . .

National Collegiate Athletic Association v. Alston 

National Collegiate Athletic Association v. Alston , decided by a 9–0 vote, June 21, 2021; Gorsuch wrote the opinion. Intercollegiat . . .

National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius, Secretary of Health and Human Services 

National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius, Secretary of Health and Human Services , decided by a 5–4 vote, June 28, 2012; Roberts wrote the main opinion; Scalia, Kennedy, Thomas, a . . .

National Federation of Independent Businesses v. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration 

National Federation of Independent Businesses v. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration , de . . .

National Institute of Family and Life Advocates v. Becerra, Attorney General of California 

National Institute of Family and Life Advocates v. Becerra, Attorney General of California , decided by a 5–4 vote . . .

National Labor Relations Board v. Noel Canning 

National Labor Relations Board v. Noel Canning , decided by a 9–0 vote, June 26, 2014; Breyer wrote the opinion. The president may make a recess appointment to a position req . . .

National Organization for Women, Inc. v. Scheidler 

National Organization for Women, Inc. v. Scheidler Frustrated in their efforts to overturn abortion rights rulings in the Supreme Court or Congress, opponents of abortion in the 1990s took their figh . . .

Nestlé USA, Inc. v. Doe 

Nestlé USA, Inc. v. Doe , decided by an 8–1 vote, June 17, 2021; Thomas wrote the opinion; Alito dissented. West African cocoa . . .

Nevada Department of Human Resources v. Hibbs 

Nevada Department of Human Resources v. Hibbs Nevada Department of Human Resources v. Hibbs, decided by a 6-3 vote, May 27, 2003; Rehnquist wrote the opinion; Kennedy, Scalia, and Thom . . .

New York State Rifle & Pistol Association v. Bruen 

New York State Rifle & Pistol Association v. Bruen , decided by a 6–3 vote, June 23, 2022; Thomas wrote the opinion; Breyer, . . .

New York v. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission 

New York v. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, decided by 9–0 and 6–3 votes, March 4, 2002; Stevens wrote the opinion; Thomas, Scalia, and Kennedy dissented in part. The Court upheld a . . .

New York v. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission 

New York v. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, decided by 9–0 and 6–3 votes, March 4, 2002; Stevens wrote the opinion; Thomas, Scalia, and Kennedy dissented in part. The Court upheld a . . .

Nielsen, Secretary of Homeland Security v. Preap 

Nielsen, Secretary of Homeland Security v. Preap , decided by a 5–4 vote, March 19, 2019; Alito wrote the opinion; Breyer, . . .

Nixon v. Shrink Missouri Government PAC 

Nixon v. Shrink Missouri Government PAC Zev David Fredman was a thirty-four-year-old political neophyte when he declared his candidacy for the Republican nomination for state auditor in 1997. A polit . . .

Northwest Austin Municipal Utility District v. Holder, Attorney General 

Northwest Austin Municipal Utility District v. Holder, Attorney General , decided by an 8-1 vote, June 22, 2009; Roberts wrote the opinion; Thomas dissented in part. Any political subdivision covered . . .

Obergefell v. Hodges, Director, Ohio Department of Health 

Obergefell v. Hodges, Director, Ohio Department of Health , decided by a 5–4 vote, June 26, 2015; Kennedy wrote the opinion; Roberts, Scalia, Thomas, and Alito dissented. SameR . . .

Oklahoma v. Castro-Huerta 

Oklahoma v. Castro-Huerta , decided by a 5–4 vote, June 29, 2022; Kavanaugh wrote the opinion; Gorsuch, Breyer, Sotomayo . . .

Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services, Inc. 

Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services, Inc., decided by a 9-0 vote, March 4, 1998; Scalia wrote the opinion. An offshore oil rig is a quintessentially male workplace: an isolated job site where tough . . .

Our Lady of Guadalupe School v. Morrissey-Berru 

Our Lady of Guadalupe School v. Morrissey-Berru , decided by a 7–2 vote, July 8, 2020; Alito wrote the opinion; Sotomayor and Ginsbu . . .

Packingham v. North Carolina 

Packingham v. North Carolina , decided by an 8—0 vote, June 19, 2017; Kennedy wrote the opinion; Gorsuch, appointed after argument, did not participate. A North Carolina law prohi . . .

Panetti v. Quarterman, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice,                   Correctional Institutions Division 

Panetti v. Quarterman, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Correctional Institutions Division, decided by a 5-4 vote, June 28, 2007; Kennedy wrote the opinion; Thomas, . . .

Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No.                   1 

Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1, decided by a 5-4 vote, June 28, 2007; Roberts wrote the opinion; Kennedy wrote a partial concurre . . .

Peña-Rodriguez v. Colorado 

Peña-Rodriguez v. Colorado , decided by a 5—3 vote, March 6, 2017; Kennedy wrote the opinion; Alito, Roberts, and Thomas dissented. A criminal defendant has a Sixth Amendment . . .

PGA Tour, Inc. v. Martin 

PGA Tour, Inc. v. Martin Golfer Casey Martin suffered from Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome, a rare circulatory disorder that made walking painful and posed a long-term risk to his health. In college . . .

Philip Morris USA v. Williams 

Philip Morris USA v. Williams, decided by a 5-4 vote, February 20, 2007; Breyer wrote the opinion; Ginsburg, Stevens, Scalia, and Thomas dissented. Punitive damages cannot be imposed o . . .

Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey 

Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey Ever since the ruling in Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973), abortion opponents had tried to get legislation enacted that would make it difficul . . .

Pleasant Grove City, Utah v. Summum 

Pleasant Grove City, Utah v. Summum, decided by a 9-0 vote, February 25, 2009; Alito wrote the opinion. The placement of a permanent monument in a public park is a form of government speech and is not . . .

PLIVA, Inc. v. Mensing 

PLIVA, Inc. v. Mensing , decided by a 5-4 vote, June 23, 2011; Thomas wrote the opinion; Sotomayor, Ginsburg, Breyer, and Kagan dissented. Federal laws requiring generic drug manufacturers to use the . . .

Printz v. United States 

Printz v. United States In 1993 Congress enacted the so-called Brady bill, named for President Reagan's press secretary, James Brady, who was seriously wounded March 30, 1981, when an attempt was mad . . .

R.A.V. v. City of St. Paul 

R.A.V. v. City of St. Paul Early one morning in June 1990, R.A.V. and several other teenagers burned a cross in the front yard of a black family who had recently moved into their neighborhood. Althou . . .

Ramos v. Louisiana 

Ramos v. Louisiana , decided by a 6–3 vote, April 20, 2020; Gorsuch wrote the opinion; Alito, Roberts, and Kagan diss . . .

Randall v. Sorrell 

Randall v. Sorrell Randall v. Sorrell, decided by a 6-3 vote, June 26, 2006; Breyer wrote the plurality opinion; Scalia, Kennedy, and Thomas concurred in the judgment; Souter, Stevens, and Ginsburg d . . .

Rapanos v. United States 

Rapanos v. United States Rapanos v. United States, decided by a 5-4 vote, June 19, 2006; Scalia wrote the opinion; Kennedy concurred in the judgment; Stevens, Souter, Ginsburg, and Breyer dissented. . . .

Rasul v. Bush 

Rasul v. Bush, President of the United States, decided by a 6–3 vote, June 28, 2004; Stevens wrote the opinion; Scalia, Rehnquist, and Thomas dissented. They were rounded up by the hundreds on . . .

Rehaif v. United States 

Rehaif v. United States , decided by a 7–2 vote, June 21, 2019; Breyer wrote the opinion; Alito and Thomas dissented . . .

Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union 

Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union As part of its wide-ranging Telecommunications Act of 1996, Congress passed the Communications Decency Act (CDA). One provision made it a criminal offense to kn . . .

Republican National Committee v. Democratic National                   Committee 

Republican National Committee v. Democratic National Committee , decided by a 5–4 vote, April 6, 2020; per curi . . .

Republican Party of Minnesota v. White 

Republican Party of Minnesota v. White Gregory Wersal, a Minneapolis-area lawyer and a self-described strict constructionist, wanted to get Republican Party support for a campaign for the Minnesota S . . .

Ricci v. DeStefano 

Ricci v. DeStefano , decided by a 5-4 vote, June 29, 2009; Kennedy wrote the opinion; Ginsburg, Stevens, Souter, and Breyer dissented. An employer can make a race-conscious employment decision to avoi . . .

Riegel v. Medtronic, Inc. 

Riegel v. Medtronic, Inc., decided by an 8-1 vote, February 20, 2008; Scalia wrote the opinion; Ginsburg dissented. Individuals cannot sue the makers of medical devices under state law for personal i . . .

Ring v. Arizona 

Ring v. Arizona In 1996 three men were arrested and tried for robbing an armored car and killing its driver, John Magosh. None of the three men testified at trial, and the jury was unable to determin . . .

Rita v. United States 

Rita v. United States, decided by an 8-1 vote, June 21, 2007; Breyer wrote the opinion; Souter dissented. A federal appeals court may treat as presumptively reasonable a sentence withi . . .

Romer v. Evans 

Romer v. Evans Gay rights advocates won a rare victory from the Supreme Court with a decision striking down a Colorado initiative that sought to prohibit passage of state or local laws banning discri . . .

Roper, Superintendent, Potosi Correctional Center v. Simmons 

Roper, Superintendent, Potosi Correctional Center v. Simmons, decided by a 5-4 vote, March 1, 2005; Kennedy wrote the opinion; Scalia, Rehnquist, O’Connor, and Thomas dissented. Christopher Simm . . .

Rosenberger v. Rector and Visitors of University of Virginia 

Rosenberger v. Rector and Visitors of University of Virginia Many colleges and universities help finance campus publications and organizations by imposing a mandatory “activity fee” on st . . .

Ruan v. United States 

Ruan v. United States , decided by a 9–0 vote, June 27, 2022; Breyer wrote the opinion. A physician may be convicted of . . .

Rucho v. Common Cause 

Rucho v. Common Cause , decided by a 5–4 vote, June 27, 2019; Roberts wrote the opinion; Kagan, Ginsburg, Breyer, an . . .

Rumsfeld v. Padilla 

Rumsfeld, Secretary of Defense v. Padilla, decided by a 5–4 vote, June 28, 2004; Rehnquist wrote the opinion; Stevens, Souter, Ginsburg, and Breyer dissented. A U.S. citizen challenging his d . . .

Rumsfeld, Secretary of Defense v. Forum for Academic and Institutional Rights, Inc. 

Rumsfeld, Secretary of Defense v. Forum for Academic and Institutional Rights, Inc. Rumsfeld, Secretary of Defense v. Forum for Academic and Institutional Rights, Inc., decided by an 8-0 vote, March . . .

Saenz v. Roe 

Saenz v. Roe “Brenda Roe,” who was pregnant with her first child, and her husband moved to California from Oklahoma in 1997 after he lost his job. Roe—a pseudonym used in later liti . . .

Safford Unified School District #1 v. Redding 

Safford Unified School District #1 v. Redding , decided by 8-1 and 7-2 votes, June 25, 2009; Souter wrote the opinion; Thomas dissented from the main holding; Stevens and Ginsburg dissented from the s . . .

Sale, Acting Commissioner, Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Haitian Centers Council, Inc. 

Sale, Acting Commissioner, Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Haitian Centers Council, Inc., decided by an 8-1 vote, June 21, 1993; Stevens wrote the opinion; Blackmun dissented. For most of it . . .

Salman v. United States 

Salman v. United States , decided by an 8—0 vote, December 6, 2016; Alito wrote the opinion. Someone may be guilty of criminal insider trading for trading on inside information . . .

Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. v. Apple Inc. 

Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. v. Apple Inc. , decided by an 8—0 vote, December 6, 2016; Sotomayor wrote the opinion. Damages for infringement of a design patent may be based on th . . .

Sanchez-Llamas v. Oregon 

Sanchez-Llamas v. Oregon Sanchez-Llamas v. Oregon, decided by a 6-3 vote, June 28, 2006; Roberts wrote the opinion; Breyer, Stevens, and Souter dissented. . . .

Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe 

Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe Marian Ward received a standing ovation at the Santa Fe, Texas, high school football team's season opener in September 1999 after she delivered a pregame p . . .

Schuette, Attorney General of Michigan v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action, Integration and Immigration Rights and Fight for Equality by Any Means Necessary (BAMN) 

Schuette, Attorney General of Michigan v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action, Integration and Immigration Rights and Fight for Equality by Any Means Necessa . . .

Seila Law LLC v. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau 

Seila Law LLC v. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau , decided by a 5–4 vote, June 29, 2020; Roberts wrote the opinion; Kagan, Gins . . .

Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida 

Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida Congress has authority under Article I, Section 8, to regulate any commerce affecting or involving Indian tribes. Under this authority, it passed the Indian Gamin . . .

Sessions, Attorney General v. Morales-Santana 

Sessions, Attorney General v. Morales-Santana , decided by an 8—0 vote, June 12, 2017; Ginsburg wrote the opinion; Gorsuch, appointed after argument, did not participate. An unwed . . .

Shaw v. Hunt 

Shaw v. Hunt See Bush v. Vera . . . .

Shaw v. Reno 

Shaw v. Reno The Voting Rights Act of 1965 aimed not only at ensuring access to the ballot box, but also that the minority vote would count. Section 2 sought to guarantee racial minorities an equal o . . .

Shelby County, Alabama, v. Holder, Attorney General 

Shelby County, Alabama, v. Holder, Attorney General , decided by a 5–4 vote, June 25, 2013; Roberts wrote the opinion; Ginsburg, Breyer, Sotomayor, and Kagan dissented. The . . .

Shinn, Director, Arizona Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, and Reentry v. Ramirez 

Shinn, Director, Arizona Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, and Reentry v. Ramirez , decided by a 6–3 v . . .

Simon & Schuster, Inc. v. Members of New York State Crime Victims Board 

Simon & Schuster, Inc. v. Members of New York State Crime Victims Board In an effort to prevent criminals from profiting from books or other accounts of their offenses, New York passed a law requirin . . .

Skilling v. United States 

Skilling v. United States , decided by a 9-0 vote, June 24, 2010; Ginsburg wrote the opinion; Sotomayor, Stevens, and Breyer dissented in part on a secondary issue. The federal statute making it a cri . . .

Skinner v. Switzer, District Attorney for the 31st Judicial District of Texas 

Skinner v. Switzer, District Attorney for the 31st Judicial District of Texas , decided by a 6-3 vote, March 7, 2011; Ginsburg wrote the opinion; Thomas, Alito, and Kennedy dissented. A convicted stat . . .

Smith v. City of Jackson, Mississippi 

Smith v. City of Jackson, Mississippi, decided by a 5-3 vote on the legal issue and an 8-0 vote on the result, March 30, 2005; Stevens wrote the main opinion; Scalia concurred in the judgment; O’ . . .

Smith v. Doe and Connecticut Department of Public Safety v. Doe 

Smith v. Doe and Connecticut Department of Public Safety v. Doe Smith v. Doe, decided by a 6-3 vote, March 5, 2003; Kennedy wrote the opinion; Stevens, Ginsburg, and Breyer dissented . . .

Snyder v. Phelps 

Snyder v. Phelps , decided by an 8-1 vote, March 2, 2011; Roberts wrote the opinion; Alito dissented. The First Amendment protects demonstrations at military funerals if participants are orderly, posi . . .

Sosa v. Alvarez-Machain 

Sosa v. Alvarez-Machain, decided by a 9–0 vote, June 29, 2004; Souter wrote the opinion. A Mexican doctor kidnapped to stand trial in the United States but later acquitted was barred from brin . . .

South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc. 

South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc. , decided by a 5–4 vote, June 21, 2018; Kennedy wrote the opinion; Roberts, Breyer, Sot . . .

Southern Union Co. v. United States 

Southern Union Co. v. United States , decided by a 6–3 vote, June 21, 2012; Sotomayor wrote the opinion; Breyer, Kennedy, and Alito dissented. The Sixth Amendment right to a jury trial requires . . .

St. Mary's Honor Center v. Hicks 

St. Mary's Honor Center v. Hicks, decided by a 5-4 vote, June 25, 1993; Scalia wrote the opinion; Souter, White, Blackmun, and Stevens dissented. When the Supreme Court handed down a series of decisio . . .

State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co. v. Campbell 

State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co. v. Campbell State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co. v. Campbell, decided by a 6-3 vote, April 7, 2003; Kennedy wrote the opinion; Scalia, . . .

Stenberg v. Carhart 

Stenberg v. Carhart LeRoy Carhart was one of only three physicians performing abortions in Nebraska in the late 1990s and the only one who performed the operation on women more than sixteen weeks pre . . .

Stern v. Marshall 

Stern v. Marshall , decided by a 5-4 vote, June 23, 2011; Roberts wrote the opinion; Breyer, Ginsburg, Sotomayor, and Kagan dissented. A federal bankruptcy court, lacking the tenure and salary protect . . .

Stoneridge Investment Partners, L.L.C. v. Scientific-Atlanta, Inc. 

Stoneridge Investment Partners, L.L.C. v. Scientific-Atlanta, Inc., decided by a 5-3 vote; January 16, 2007; Kennedy wrote the opinion; Stevens dissented; Breyer did not participate. Investors cannot . . .

Sutton v. United Air Lines, Inc. 

Sutton v. United Air Lines, Inc. Twin sisters, Karen Sutton and Kimberly Hinton, long had the ambition to become pilots for a major commercial airline. They had both flown for regional carriers and w . . .

Swidler & Berlin v. United States 

Swidler & Berlin v. United States, decided by a 6-3 vote, June 25, 1998; Rehnquist wrote the opinion; O'Connor, Scalia, and Thomas dissented. Vincent Foster was under a lot of stress when he went to t . . .

Tanzin v. Tanvir 

Tanzin v. Tanvir , decided by an 8–0 vote, December 10, 2020; Thomas wrote the opinion; Barrett did not particip . . .

Tennessee v. Lane 

Tennessee v. Lane, decided by a 5–4 vote, May 17, 2004; Stevens wrote the opinion; Rehnquist, Scalia, Kennedy, and Thomas dissented. When George Lane arrived at the Polk County, Tennessee, cou . . .

Texas Department of Housing and Community Affairs v. Inclusive Communities Project, Inc. 

Texas Department of Housing and Community Affairs v. Inclusive Communities Project, Inc. , decided by a 5–4 vote, June 25, 2015; Kennedy wrote the opinion; Alito, R . . .

Texas v. Pennsylvania 

Texas v. Pennsylvania , decided by a 7–2 vote, December 11, 2020; per curiam opinion; Alito and Thomas dissented States generally h . . .

Timbs v. Indiana 

Timbs v. Indiana , decided by a 9–0 vote, February 19, 2019; Ginsburg wrote the opinion. The Eighth Amendment . . .

Torres v. Madrid 

Torres v. Madrid , decided by a 5–3 vote, March 25, 2021; Roberts wrote the opinion; Gorsuch, Thomas, and Alito dissented; Barrett, . . .

Torres v. Texas Dep’t of Public Safety 

Torres v. Texas Dep’t of Public Safety , decided by a 5–4 vote, June 29, 2022; Breyer wrote the opinion; Thomas, A . . .

Town of Castle Rock, Colorado v. Gonzales 

Town of Castle Rock, Colorado v. Gonzales, decided by a 7-2 vote, June 27, 2005; Scalia wrote the opinion; Stevens and Ginsburg dissented. Local police officers did not deprive a woman of a constitu . . .

Town of Greece v. Galloway 

Town of Greece v. Galloway , decided by a 5–4 vote, May 5, 2014; Kennedy wrote the opinion; Kagan, Ginsburg, Breyer, and Sotomayor dissented. A town’s practice of openi . . .

Trinity Lutheran Church of Columbia, Inc. v. Comer, Director, Missouri Department of Natural Resources 

Trinity Lutheran Church of Columbia, Inc. v. Comer, Director, Missouri Department of Natural Resources , decided by a 7—2 vote, June 26, 2017; Roberts wrote the opinion; . . .

Troxel v. Granville 

Troxel v. Granville Gary and Jenifer Troxel's son, Brad, fathered two children with Tommie Granville, although the two never married. They separated in 1991, before the younger daughter, Isabelle, wa . . .

Trump v. Mazars USA, LLP 

Trump v. Mazars USA, LLP , decided by a 7–2 vote, July 9, 2020; Roberts wrote the opinion; Thomas and Alito dissented. Lower federal . . .

Trump v. Vance, District Attorney of the County of New York 

Trump v. Vance, District Attorney of the County of New York , decided by a 7–2 vote, July 9, 2020; Roberts wrote the opinion; Thomas . . .

Trump, President of the United States v. Hawaii 

Trump, President of the United States v. Hawaii , decided by a 5–4 vote, June 26, 2018; Roberts wrote the opinion; Breyer, . . .

Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission 

Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission The passage of the Cable Television Consumer Protection and Competition Act of 1992, a federal law requiring cable systems to car . . .

Turner v. Rogers 

Turner v. Rogers , decided by a 5-4 vote, June 20, 2011; Breyer wrote the opinion; Thomas, Roberts, Scalia, and Alito dissented. An indigent defendant charged with civil contempt for failure to pay ch . . .

U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton 

U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton In a few short years the idea of term limits for members of Congress grew from a fringe political notion into a national movement. The Supreme Court dealt the cause . . .

United Haulers Association, Inc. v. Oneida-Herkimer Solid Waste                   Management Authority 

United Haulers Association, Inc. v. Oneida-Herkimer Solid Waste Management Authority, decided by a 6-3 vote, April 30, 2007; Roberts wrote the opinion; Alito, Stevens, an . . .

United States v. Alvarez 

United States v. Alvarez , decided by a 6–3 vote, June 28, 2012; Kennedy wrote the main opinion; Alito, Scalia, and Thomas dissented. A federal law that makes it a crime to lie about having rece . . .

United States v. Alvarez-Machain 

United States v. Alvarez-Machain Humberto Alvarez-Machain was a citizen and resident of Mexico. In April 1990, under the direction of U.S. officials, he was abducted from his home in Guadalajara, Mex . . .

United States v. American Library Association, Inc. 

United States v. American Library Association, Inc. United States v. American Library Association, Inc., decided by a 6-3 vote, June 23, 2003; Rehnquist wrote the main opinion; Steven . . .

United States v. Bajakajian 

United States v. Bajakajian, decided by a 5-4 vote, June 22, 1998; Thomas wrote the opinion; Kennedy, Rehnquist, O'Connor, and Scalia dissented. When a federal customs inspector at Los Angeles Interna . . .

United States v. Davis 

United States v. Davis , decided by a 5–4 vote, June 24, 2019; Gorsuch wrote the opinion; Kavanaugh, Roberts, Alito, . . .

United States v. Dominguez Benitez 

United States v. Dominguez Benitez, decided by a 9–0 vote, June 14, 2004; Souter wrote the opinion. A defendant who fails to object to incomplete warnings before entering a guilty plea in fede . . .

United States v. Fordice, Governor of Mississippi; Ayers v. Fordice, Governor of Mississippi 

United States v. Fordice, Governor of Mississippi; Ayers v. Fordice, Governor of Mississippi, decided by an 8-1 vote, June 26, 1992; White wrote the opinion; Scalia dissented. Thirty-eight years after . . .

United States v. Haymond 

United States v. Haymond , decided by a 5–4 vote, June 26, 2019; Gorsuch wrote a plurality opinion; Alito, Roberts, . . .

United States v. Jones 

United States v. Jones , decided by a 9–0 vote, January 23, 2012; Scalia wrote the opinion. The government’s attachment of a global positioning system (GPS) device to a car for the purpose . . .

United States v. Lopez 

United States v. Lopez In 1990, following a rash of shootings in schools, Congress passed the Gun-Free School Zones Act, making it a federal offense for anyone to knowingly possess a firearm within a . . .

United States v. Morrison 

United States v. Morrison Congress passed the Violence Against Women Act of 1994 in an attempt to stem what it called the “escalating problem” of attacks against women. The law's many pro . . .

United States v. O'Hagan 

United States v. O'Hagan, decided by 6-3, 7-2, and 9-0 votes, June 25, 1997; Ginsburg wrote the opinion; Thomas, Rehnquist, and Scalia dissented in part. James O'Hagan made a $4.3 million killing in s . . .

United States v. Stevens 

United States v. Stevens , decided by an 8-1 vote, April 20, 2010; Roberts wrote the opinion; Alito dissented. A federal law prohibiting the distribution of depictions of “animal cruelty” . . .

United States v. Texas 

United States v. Texas , decided by a 4—4 vote, June 23, 2016; per curiam opinion. The Obama administration exceeded its lawful authority in creating a process for unauthorized immigrants with c . . .

United States v. Tsarnaev 

United States v. Tsarnaev , decided by a 6–3 vote, March 4, 2022; Thomas wrote the opinion; Breyer, Sotomayor, and Kagan dissented. . . .

United States v. Ursery 

United States v. Ursery, decided by an 8-1 vote, June 24, 1996; Rehnquist wrote the opinion; Stevens dissented in part. Tina Bennis had reason enough to be upset when Detroit police arrested her husba . . .

United States v. Vaello Madero 

United States v. Vaello Madero , decided by an 8–1 vote, April 21, 2022; Kavanaugh wrote the opinion; Sotomayor dissente . . .

United States v. Virginia 

United States v. Virginia Single-sex schools have a long history in the United States, especially in higher education. Whatever their educational advantages or disadvantages, single-sex public school . . .

United States v. Williams 

United States v. Williams, decided by a 7-2 vote, May 19, 2008; Scalia wrote the opinion; Souter and Ginsburg dissented. A federal law that prohibits individuals from offering to provide, or requestin . . .

United States v. Windsor 

United States v. Windsor , decided by a 5–4 vote, June 26, 2013; Kennedy wrote the opinion; Scalia, Roberts, Thomas, and Alito dissented. The provision of the Defense of Mar . . .

University of Texas Southwest Center v. Nassar 

University of Texas Southwest Center v. Nassar , decided by a 5–4 vote, June 24, 2013; Kennedy wrote the opinion; Ginsburg, Breyer, Sotomayor, and Kagan dissented. An employ . . .

Utah v. Strieff 

Utah v. Strieff , decided by a 5—3 vote, June 20, 2016; Thomas wrote the opinion; Sotomayor, Ginsburg, and Kagan dissented. Evidence found incident to a lawful arrest on a warrant discovered aft . . .

Utility Air Regulatory Group v. Environmental Protection Agency 

Utility Air Regulatory Group v. Environmental Protection Agency , decided by 5–4 and 7–2 votes, June 23, 2014; Scalia wrote the opinion; Breyer, Gin . . .

Uttecht, Superintendent, Washington State Penitentiary v.                   Brown 

Uttecht, Superintendent, Washington State Penitentiary v. Brown, decided by a 5-4 vote, June 4, 2007; Kennedy wrote the opinion; Stevens, Souter, Ginsburg, and Breyer dissented. Feder . . .

Vacco v. Quill 

Vacco v. Quill Laws making it a crime to assist someone to commit suicide date back centuries. The laws—widely accepted but rarely used—came under attack in the late twentieth century fro . . .

Vega v. Tekoh 

Vega v. Tekoh , decided by a 6–3 vote, June 23, 2022; Alito wrote the opinion; Kagan, Breyer, and Sotomayor dissented. A . . .

Vernonia School District 47J v. Acton 

Vernonia School District 47J v. Acton Vernonia, Oregon, a logging community of about three thousand people in the northwestern tip of the state, might seem far removed from the problem of teenage dru . . .

Vieth v. Jubelirer 

Vieth v. Jubelirer, President of the Pennsylvania Senate, decided by a 5–4 vote, April 28, 2004; Scalia wrote the plurality opinion; Kennedy concurred in the judgment; Stevens, Souter, Ginsbur . . .

Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes 

Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes , decided by a 5-4 vote, June 20, 2011; Scalia wrote the opinion; Ginsburg, Breyer, Sotomayor, and Kagan dissented in part. Plaintiffs seeking class certification of an . . .

Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Samara Brothers, Inc. 

Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Samara Brothers, Inc., decided by a 9-0 vote, March 22, 2000; Scalia wrote the opinion. The design of a product is not ordinarily protected by trademark law. The ruling set as . . .

Washington v. Glucksberg 

Washington v. Glucksberg See Vacco v. Quill . . . .

Watchtower Bible & Tract Society v. Village of Stratton 

Watchtower Bible & Tract Society v. Village of Stratton The small village of Stratton, Ohio, prohibited canvassers from going door-to-door to sell any product or promote any cause without first getti . . .

Watters, Commissioner, Michigan Office of Insurance and Financial                   Services v. Wachovia Bank, N.A. 

Watters, Commissioner, Michigan Office of Insurance and Financial Services v. Wachovia Bank, N.A., decided by a 5-3 vote, April 17, 2007; Ginsburg wrote the opinion; Stevens, . . .

West Virginia v. EPA 

West Virginia v. EPA , decided by a 6–3 vote, June 30, 2022; Roberts wrote the opinion; Kagan, Breyer, and Sotomayor dis . . .

Whole Woman's Health, Inc. v. Hellerstedt, Commissioner, Texas Department of State Health Services 

Whole Woman’s Health, Inc. v. Hellerstedt, Commissioner, Texas Department of State Health Services , decided by a 5—3 vote, June 27, 2016; Breyer wrote the opinion; Alito, Roberts, and Tho . . .

Williams—Yulee v. Florida Bar 

Williams—Yulee v. Florida Bar , decided by a 5–4 vote, April 29, 2015; Roberts wrote the opinion; Scalia, Kennedy, Thomas, and Alito dissented. A state may prohibit judicial . . .

Wisconsin v. Mitchell 

Wisconsin v. Mitchell The United States in the 1980s experienced an apparent increase in assaults and other crimes against victims targeted because of their race, religion, ethnicity, or sexual orien . . .

Wyeth v. Levine 

Wyeth v. Levine, decided by a 6-3 vote, March 4, 2009; Stevens wrote the opinion; Alito, Roberts, and Scalia dissented. Federal approval of a pharmaceutical warning label by the Food and Drug Administ . . .

Zelman v. Simmons-Harris 

Zelman v. Simmons-Harris In one of its most important church-state cases in a decade, a bitterly divided Court upheld an Ohio school voucher plan and removed any constitutional barriers to similar vo . . .

Ziglar v. Abbasi 

Ziglar v. Abbasi , decided by a 4—2 vote, June 19, 2017; Kennedy wrote the opinion; Breyer and Ginsburg dissented; Sotomayor and Kagan did not participate; Gorsuch, . . .

Zivotofsky v. Kerry, Secretary of State 

Zivotofsky v. Kerry, Secretary of State , decided by a 5–4 vote, June 8, 2015; Kennedy wrote the opinion; Thomas dissented in part; Scalia, Roberts, and Alito dissented. A federal . . .

Zobrest v. Catalina Foothills School District 

Zobrest v. Catalina Foothills School District While James Zobrest, a deaf student in Tucson, Arizona, attended public school, the school district paid for a sign-language interpreter to assist him. Z . . .

Zubik v. Burwell, Secretary of Health and Human Services 

Zubik v. Burwell, Secretary of Health and Human Services , decided by an 8—0 vote, May 16, 2016; per curiam opinion. Challenges by religious schools and charities to procedures for ensuring cost . . .