Introduction
Today, nearly 60 percent of the nation's labor force are women or minorities, yet white males still hold most of the top jobs in corporations, labor unions, universities and other institutions. Some say it's because women and minorities have not been in the labor pipeline long enough to have reached the top spots, or because women drop in and out of the work force to have babies or take care of small children. But study after study has documented artificial, and often unseen, barriers to advancement by women and minorities. Advocates are calling on companies and other institutions to dismantle those barriers, and for government to help. Increasingly, it's being seen not only as a question of social justice, but business efficiency: America will need all its talent to compete in a global marketplace.
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