Introduction
Presidents Hugo Chávez of Venezuela and Mahmoud Ahmadinejad of Iran, right, raise their fists in anti-U.S. solidarity. Venezuela's seizure of foreign oil companies' assets reflects a new chapter in global oil politics; Iran nationalized foreign oil firms in the 1950s. (AFP Photo/Juan Barreto)
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A world thirsting for imported oil and gas is seeking new supplies in Central Asia and Africa, where many nations have nationalized their energy resources. In a dramatic reversal from 30 years ago, government-owned or controlled petroleum companies today control 77 percent of the world's 1.1 trillion barrels of oil reserves. While the emergence of these rising petrostates has helped diversify the world's energy sources, many are considered oil “hot spots” — vulnerable to disruption from international terrorists or domestic dissidents. In addition, many of the petrostates are blending politics and energy into a new energy nationalism, rewriting the rules of the world's energy markets and restricting international oil corporations' operations. Russia's confrontational energy policies alarm its neighbors, and critics say a booming China is combing the world for access to oil and gas resources without concern for suppliers' corruption or human rights violations. Many also worry that growing competition for dwindling oil supplies will lead to greater risks of international conflict.
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Jun. 22, 2012 |
U.S. Oil Dependence |
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Nov. 01, 2011 |
Future of the Gulf States |
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Jan. 04, 2008 |
Oil Jitters  |
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Jul. 2007 |
Energy Nationalism |
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Sep. 30, 2005 |
Domestic Energy Development |
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Jan. 24, 2003 |
Oil Diplomacy |
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Aug. 07, 1998 |
Oil Production in the 21st Century |
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Aug. 23, 1991 |
Oil Imports |
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Oct. 30, 1987 |
Persian Gulf Oil |
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Apr. 04, 1986 |
Oil Prices |
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Dec. 23, 1983 |
Quest for Energy Independence |
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Sep. 23, 1983 |
OPEC: 10 Years After the Arab Oil Boycott |
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May 29, 1981 |
Western Oil Boom |
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Aug. 25, 1978 |
Oil Imports |
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Feb. 10, 1978 |
Oil Antitrust Action |
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Dec. 17, 1976 |
Alaskan Development |
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May 17, 1974 |
Arab Oil Money |
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Mar. 15, 1974 |
Oil Taxation |
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Jul. 18, 1973 |
Offshore Oil Search |
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Mar. 28, 1973 |
Persian Gulf Oil |
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Nov. 01, 1972 |
Gasoline Prices |
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Oct. 14, 1970 |
Fuel Shortages |
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Nov. 12, 1969 |
Alaskan Oil Boom |
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Dec. 11, 1968 |
Oil Shale Development |
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Oct. 26, 1960 |
World Oil Glut |
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Sep. 10, 1958 |
Middle East Oil |
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Oct. 30, 1951 |
Oil Nationalization |
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Aug. 11, 1950 |
Oil Imports |
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Apr. 23, 1947 |
Oil of the Middle East |
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Jan. 22, 1946 |
Offshore Oil |
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Mar. 09, 1944 |
Oil Supply |
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Dec. 24, 1935 |
Oil in World Politics |
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May 07, 1931 |
Control of Production in the Oil Industry |
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Mar. 27, 1929 |
The Oil Leasing Policy of the New Administration |
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Jun. 08, 1927 |
Oil Conservation and Stabilization |
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Feb. 08, 1926 |
The Mexican Land and Petroleum Laws |
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Apr. 18, 1925 |
The Price of Gasoline |
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Feb. 11, 1924 |
Background of the Oil Lease Cases |
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Sep. 01, 1923 |
Gasoline |
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