Abstract

As a U.S.-led coalition has pushed the Islamist terrorist group known as the Islamic State, or ISIS, from its self-proclaimed caliphate in Syria and Iraq, its sympathizers have carried out devastating attacks in Europe, notably in Nice, France, in July 2016; in Berlin, Germany, in December and in London in June 2017. As ISIS’ power in the Middle East wanes, experts say, it will be increasingly difficult to prevent foreign fighters from returning home and perpetrating violence. Meanwhile, al Qaeda is quietly resurging in Afghanistan, nearly 16 years after U.S.-led forces invaded to eradicate the group that carried out the 9/11 attacks in the United States. Al Qaeda and other jihadist groups are expanding into other countries, but most terrorism deaths in 2015, the most recent year for which data are available, occurred in Afghanistan, Iraq, Nigeria, Pakistan and Syria.

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